MODULE-4
MICROPROCESSOR AND HARDWARES
Hard Disk Drive
Simple definition and some history
*Hard disks are also often called Disk drive or “Hard Disk Drive (HDD)”.
*Just as a library is required to handle books in the library, the same computer also
needs such a place in which it can store digital data.
* Computers use two types of storage devices to store and process digital content
(Document, Image, Videos, Software, Operating system, Program).
* In which Hard Disk is a secondary memory device. It keeps the data stored
permanently.
* Hard Disk is seen as an important component of a computer because no
computer will work without it
Hard Disk Definition, functions and types
What is hard disk or hard disk drive???
*Hard disks are the most famously used secondary storage devices.
* Hard Disk, also called Hard Disk Drive (HDD), is a non-volatile memory hardware
device. Hard disk work is to permanently store and retrieve computer data.
* That is, the computer keeps the data safe even after power off. Hard Disk is also
called Secondary Storage Device. It exists inside a computer case (CPU) and is
connected to the computer motherboard using data cables (PATA, SCSI, SATA).
* A hard drive is the hardware component that stores all of your digital content.
* Your documents, pictures, music, videos, programs, application preferences, and
operating system represent digital content stored on a hard drive.
* Hard Disk uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information.
*That is why it is also called Electro-mechanical data storage device.
*The hard disk consists of one or more circular rotating disks to store the data.
,*Each platter has a very thin strip, which is made using magnetic material.
*There are many tracks and sectors present in these platters and it rotates through
the spindle.
*When the platter starts rotating, a Read / Write arm in the Hard Disk moves it from
right to left.
*Its job is to read data and write data from platter.
*The faster the spindle rotates the platter, the faster the data will be stored in the
Hard Disk.
* Its speed is measured in RPM (Revolution Per Minute).
*This means how many rounds the platter took in a minute. Most Hard Disk ranges
from 5400 RPM to 7200 RPM.
What are the different types of Hard Disk?
*Currently, there are four types of Hard Disk:
1. PATA (Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment) – This is the oldest type
of hard disk. It was first used in 1986. PATA Hard Disk uses the ATA
interface standard to connect to the computer. It was earlier referred to as
Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE). It is a medium speed hard disk, its data
transfer rate is up to 133MB / s. This drive stores data using magnetism.
2. SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) – In most of today’s
computers and laptops you will find this type of Hard Disk. The data transfer
rate of SATA Hard Disk is higher than a PATA drive. Its speed can be from
, 150MB / s to 600MB / s. SATA cables are very thin and flexible, which is
much better than PATA cables. It is better than the old hard disk drive in many
ways.
3. SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) – This type of hard disk uses a small
computer system interface to connect to the computer. This is quite parallel to
the IDE hard drive. The new version of the SCSI Hard Disk (16-bit ultra –
640) has a data transfer speed of up to 640 MBps and can connect to 16
devices with a cable of 12 meters in length.
4. SSD (Solid State Drives) – It is one of the latest drives today. Much better and
faster than all other hard disk devices. SSD uses flash memory technology to
store data. Its data access speed is very fast. It costs a lot more than an HDD
drive.
Function of Hard Disk
*The main function of a Hard Disk is to store computer data forever.
*Therefore it is also called Permanent Storage.
*This data can be of many types, such as your personal files, documents, software,
operating system etc.
* How much data can be stored in these hard disks, it depends on the storage capacity
of the Hard Disk.
* Today you will find such hard disks whose capacity to store data ranges from
gigabytes to terabytes.
DISK FORMATTING
*Disk formatting is a process to configure the data-storage devices such as hard-
drive, floppy disk and flash drive when we are going to use them for the very first
time or we can say initial usage.
* Disk formatting is usually required when new operating system is going to be
used by the user.
* It is also done when there is space issue and we require additional space for the
storage of more data in the drives.
MICROPROCESSOR AND HARDWARES
Hard Disk Drive
Simple definition and some history
*Hard disks are also often called Disk drive or “Hard Disk Drive (HDD)”.
*Just as a library is required to handle books in the library, the same computer also
needs such a place in which it can store digital data.
* Computers use two types of storage devices to store and process digital content
(Document, Image, Videos, Software, Operating system, Program).
* In which Hard Disk is a secondary memory device. It keeps the data stored
permanently.
* Hard Disk is seen as an important component of a computer because no
computer will work without it
Hard Disk Definition, functions and types
What is hard disk or hard disk drive???
*Hard disks are the most famously used secondary storage devices.
* Hard Disk, also called Hard Disk Drive (HDD), is a non-volatile memory hardware
device. Hard disk work is to permanently store and retrieve computer data.
* That is, the computer keeps the data safe even after power off. Hard Disk is also
called Secondary Storage Device. It exists inside a computer case (CPU) and is
connected to the computer motherboard using data cables (PATA, SCSI, SATA).
* A hard drive is the hardware component that stores all of your digital content.
* Your documents, pictures, music, videos, programs, application preferences, and
operating system represent digital content stored on a hard drive.
* Hard Disk uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information.
*That is why it is also called Electro-mechanical data storage device.
*The hard disk consists of one or more circular rotating disks to store the data.
,*Each platter has a very thin strip, which is made using magnetic material.
*There are many tracks and sectors present in these platters and it rotates through
the spindle.
*When the platter starts rotating, a Read / Write arm in the Hard Disk moves it from
right to left.
*Its job is to read data and write data from platter.
*The faster the spindle rotates the platter, the faster the data will be stored in the
Hard Disk.
* Its speed is measured in RPM (Revolution Per Minute).
*This means how many rounds the platter took in a minute. Most Hard Disk ranges
from 5400 RPM to 7200 RPM.
What are the different types of Hard Disk?
*Currently, there are four types of Hard Disk:
1. PATA (Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment) – This is the oldest type
of hard disk. It was first used in 1986. PATA Hard Disk uses the ATA
interface standard to connect to the computer. It was earlier referred to as
Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE). It is a medium speed hard disk, its data
transfer rate is up to 133MB / s. This drive stores data using magnetism.
2. SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) – In most of today’s
computers and laptops you will find this type of Hard Disk. The data transfer
rate of SATA Hard Disk is higher than a PATA drive. Its speed can be from
, 150MB / s to 600MB / s. SATA cables are very thin and flexible, which is
much better than PATA cables. It is better than the old hard disk drive in many
ways.
3. SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) – This type of hard disk uses a small
computer system interface to connect to the computer. This is quite parallel to
the IDE hard drive. The new version of the SCSI Hard Disk (16-bit ultra –
640) has a data transfer speed of up to 640 MBps and can connect to 16
devices with a cable of 12 meters in length.
4. SSD (Solid State Drives) – It is one of the latest drives today. Much better and
faster than all other hard disk devices. SSD uses flash memory technology to
store data. Its data access speed is very fast. It costs a lot more than an HDD
drive.
Function of Hard Disk
*The main function of a Hard Disk is to store computer data forever.
*Therefore it is also called Permanent Storage.
*This data can be of many types, such as your personal files, documents, software,
operating system etc.
* How much data can be stored in these hard disks, it depends on the storage capacity
of the Hard Disk.
* Today you will find such hard disks whose capacity to store data ranges from
gigabytes to terabytes.
DISK FORMATTING
*Disk formatting is a process to configure the data-storage devices such as hard-
drive, floppy disk and flash drive when we are going to use them for the very first
time or we can say initial usage.
* Disk formatting is usually required when new operating system is going to be
used by the user.
* It is also done when there is space issue and we require additional space for the
storage of more data in the drives.
