UPDATED FAMILY NURSE PRACTITIONER Test VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024

rauma to Kiesselbachs plexus: - ANSWER Will result in an anterior nosebleed The diagnostic or gold standard test for sickle cell anemia, G6PD anemia, and alpha or beta thalassemia: - ANSWER Hemoglobin electrophoresis Erythromycin "allergy" vs adverse reaction: - ANSWER Adverse reaction-symptoms of nausea or GI upset allergy -hives, angioedema Acute mononucleosis: - ANSWER Pt will most likely be a teen presenting w classic triad of sore throat, prolonged fatigue, and enlarged cervical nodes. Alpha thalassemia: - ANSWER More common among Southeast Asians such as, Indian, Chinese, or Filipino descent Lupus - ANSWER Malar rash(butterfly rash)Pts need to avoid or to minimize sunlight exposure(photosensitivity) Tx polymyalgic rheumatica(PMR) - ANSWER 1st line tx for PMR includes long-term steroids. Long term steroids are commonly used to control symptoms(pain, stiffness on shoulders, and hip girdle). PMR pts have higher risk for temporal arteritis. Gold standard exam for temporal arteritis: - ANSWER Biopsy of the temporal artery. refer pt to opthalmologist for mgt Finkelstein's test: - ANSWER Positive in De Quervains tenosynovitis Anterior Drawer maneuver and Lachman maneuver: - ANSWER Positive if anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of knee damaged. The knee may also be unstable McMurray's sign: - ANSWER Positive in meniscus injuries of the knee Damaged Joints: - ANSWER Order X-ray first, but MRI is the Gold Standard Diabetic retinopathy: - ANSWER Neovascularization, hard exudates, cotton wool spots, and micoaneurysms Hypertensive retinopathy: - ANSWER AV nicking, silver and or copper wire arterioles Checking deep tendon reflexes: - ANSWER absent(0), hypoactive (1) normal(2) hyperactive(3) clonus(4) Clonus: - ANSWER Clonus is typically seen in patients with stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord damage and hepatic encephalopathy. Clonus has also appeared after ingesting potent serotonergic drugs, where ingestion strongly predicts imminent serotonin toxicity (serotonin syndrome). Clonus is a series of involuntary, rhythmic, muscular contractions and relaxations. Clonus is a sign of certain neurological conditions, particularly associated with upper motor neuron lesions involving descending motor pathways, and in many cases is, accompanied by spasticity (another form of hyperexcitability).Unlike small, spontaneous twitches known as fasciculations (usually caused by lower motor neuron pathology), clonus causes large motions that are usually initiated by a reflex. A rare but serious adverse effect of ACE inhibitors is: - ANSWER Angioedema A common side effect of ACE inhibitors is a - ANSWER Dry cough(10%) 1st line drug to tx htn in DM & pts w mild renal dz bc of their renal protective properties: - ANSWER ACE inhibitors or ARBS Penicillin: - ANSWER Amoxicillin(broad-spectrum PCN) Penicillin VK Macrolide: - ANSWER Erythromycin, azithromycin(Z-Pack), or clarithromycin(Biaxin) Cephalosporins: - ANSWER 1st generation(Keflex), 2nd generation(Cefaclor, Ceftin, Cefzil)3rd generation(Rocephin, Suprax, Omnicef) Quinolones w gram positive coverage: - ANSWER Levofloxacin(Levaquin), moxifloxacin(Avelox), gatifloxacin(Tequin) Quinolones: - ANSWER Ciprofloxacin(Cipro), ofloxacin(Floxin) Sulfa: - ANSWER Trimethoprim/sulfamethazole(Bactrim, Septra), nitrofurantoin(Macrobid), Tetracyclines: - ANSWER Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline(Minocin) NSAID: - ANSWER Ibuprofen, naproxen(aleve, Anaprox) Cox-2 inhibitors: - ANSWER Celecoxib (celebrex) Antitussives: - ANSWER Dextromorphan(Robitussin), benzonate(Tessalon Perles) Drugs allowed for pregnant or lactating women: - ANSWER Category B Pregnancy in pain: - ANSWER Tylenol instead of Ibuprofen Avoid nitrofurantoin & sulfa drugs during 3rd trimester: - ANSWER Increase the risk of hyperbilirubinemia Best way method of spreading viruses or bacteria: - ANSWER Making them airborne or nebulized Tx cutaneous anthrax: - ANSWER Ciprofloxacin 500mg orally BID for 60 days or 8 weeks. If pt allergic to ciprofloxacin , use doxycycline 100mg BID Good communication rules: - ANSWER Ask open ended questions, do not reassure patients, avoid angering the patient, and respect the patients culture. Primary vs secondary: - ANSWER "Will performing this action prevent the disease or the social condition from happening? If it does, then it is considered as primary prevention(if it doesn, then it is secondary) Breast self exam and genital self exam: - ANSWER Considered secondary prevention Tertiary prevention: - ANSWER Involves not only rehabilitation, but also includes actiivities that will help to prevent complications from disease treatment, such as patient education about medication side effects or the proper use of equipment such as cane. Support groups for a disease /condition are all considered as part of a tertiary prevention activity.