UPDATED FCC EMT CH 8 TEST QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

A patient with liver disease has a low platelet count. Which additional finding would the EMT directly correlate to this condition? - ANSWER- Excessive bruising to arms Which situation would most likely cause a patient to have a simple episode of syncope (fainting)? - ANSWER- Parasympathetic stimulation You are caring for a 66-year-old male patient who is severely dehydrated. How does severe dehydration affect the cardiovascular system? - ANSWER- It decreases the blood volume available for circulation What is the result of an opening developing that allows air into the space between the visceral and parietal pleura of the thorax? - ANSWER- Progressive collapse of the lung What blood pressure change as most likely to cause left ventricular failure? - ANSWER- Chronically elevated diastolic pressure between 120 and 140 mmHg What is the primary way in which oxygen is transported to the cells? - ANSWER- Red blood cells For cells to undergo the process of aerobic metabolism, the cells require: - ANSWER- Oxygen and glucose A patient with a temperature of 105.4°F is experiencing systemic vasodilation. Which finding would be consistent with this condition? - ANSWER- Decreased blood pressure A patient is hemorrhaging internally within his colon, which in turn is impairing perfusion to the cells of his body. Aside from the bleeding, the patient has no other problems. In this scenario, the problem impairing adequate perfusion would be: - ANSWER- Decreased blood volume A patient has a blood pressure of 140/98 mmHg. What can the EMT ascertain from this reading? - ANSWER- The afterload is increased Which condition must be met for carbon dioxide to move from the cell to the bloodstream? - ANSWER- The perfusing blood must be low in carbon dioxide When cells undergo normal metabolism in the body, which byproduct(s) is (are) produced? - ANSWER- Heat, carbon dioxide, and water A patient with a high fever has an accelerated metabolism and is producing abnormally large amounts of carbon dioxide at the cellular level. To compensate for this effect, what will occur? - ANSWER- Increased respiratory rate A patient with asthma is extremely short of breath and hypoxic. Related to the ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q), the EMT would recognize the problem as related to: - ANSWER- Inadequate oxygen in the alveoli A patient who is hypoxic has a pulmonary disease that involves low lung compliance. With this condition, you realize that: - ANSWER- Ventilation with a bag-valve mask will likely require more effort Which blood pressure reading best indicates a narrowed pulse pressure? - ANSWER- 108/88 mmHg What is required for normal perfusion to occur? - ANSWER- Adequate breathing, sufficient numbers of red blood cells, and sufficient heart function What is the primary stimulus to breathe in human beings without pulmonary diseases? - ANSWER- Level of CO2 in the body Why would a drop in the oxygen content of the blood stream cause an increase in the patient's blood pressure? - ANSWER- Sympathetic stimulation of the cardiovascular system improves oxygen delivery to the brain and tissues A patient's lungs are full of fluid and cannot transfer oxygen to the blood. As a result, she is undergoing anaerobic metabolism. She has a decreased level of consciousness with a patent upper airway and inadequate respirations. Her pulse is rapid and weak. Which prehospital treatment would best address this situation? - ANSWER- Positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen What definition best describes the concept of afterload? - ANSWER- Pressure that the left ventricle must pump blood against to open the aortic valve The EMT is administering oxygen at 95% through a nonrebreather face mask. He would document this as a FiO2 of: - ANSWER- 0.95 Paramedics have administered a medication to a patient with heart failure. The medication specifically causes the veins (only) to dilate, thereby decreasing the amount of blood that returns to the heart for pumping. The EMT would recognize this action as decreasing: - ANSWER- Preload Which statement about chemoreceptors in the human body is true? - ANSWER- The peripheral chemoreceptors are more sensitive to oxygen than carbon dioxide For a patient breathing in room air, the EMT would estimate the FiO2 to be: - ANSWER- 0.21 A young patient is experiencing epiglottitis. He is working hard to breathe, has stridorous respirations, and is extremely hypoxic. His skin is cyanotic and his pulse is rapid but strong. What is the most likely cause (not result) of the poor delivery of oxygen to the cells? - ANSWER- Partial occlusion of the airway A confused and lethargic 24-year-old male patient has intentionally overdosed on a narcotic medication. His vital signs are as follows: pulse, 36; respirations, 10 breaths/min; blood pressure, 50/20 mmHg; and SpO2, 88% with 15 liters per minute of oxygen applied by Emergency Medical Responders. What is the greatest danger to this patient's well-being? - ANSWER- Decreased cellular perfusion Which process of ventilation is correctly adhering to Boyle's law as it relates to ventilation? - ANSWER- When the diaphragm contracts, it creates a negative intrathoracic pressure causing air to enter the lungs A drop in blood pressure below a critical threshold is a threat to the body because it directly impairs: - ANSWER- Cellular perfusion A slightly confused but conscious 61-year-old female patient with generalized weakness has a heart rate of 190 beats/min. She has a history of high blood pressure and diabetes. Her blood pressure is 78/56 mmHg, and she has a pulse oximetry reading of 93%. Which disturbance would best explain this patient's presentation? - ANSWER- Excessive tachycardia What happens after a cell in anaerobic metabolism breaks down glucose and creates energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? - ANSWER- Lactic acid is formed What is the best description of the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio? - ANSWER- The ability of the body to exchange gases across the alveolar capillary membrane A chronically elevated afterload increases the patient's chance for developing which pathological condition? - ANSWER- Heart failure A patient with a severe infection is very sick. Circulating toxins from bacteria in his blood have decreased his systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Which blood pressure change would the EMT correlate to this condition? - ANSWER- Blood pressure of 64/26 mmHg Under normal circumstances, carbon dioxide is excreted from the body through the: - ANSWER- Lungs When a patient has a narrowed pulse pressure, what is occurring? - ANSWER- The blood vessels are constricting