Counseling Psychology Introduction

Counseling Psychology client in dealing with problems
PSY114 B3 and concerns.
 GESTALT THERAPY.
Founders: Fritz and Laura Perls;
Contemporary Counseling Key figures: Miriam and Erving
Models (AN OVERVIEW) Polster. An experiential therapy
stressing awareness and
integration; it grew as a reaction
Psychodynamic Approaches against analytic therapy. It
 PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY. integrates the functioning of
Founder: Sigmund Freud. A body and mind and places
theory of personality emphasis on the therapeutic
development, a philosophy of relationship
human nature, and a method of
psychotherapy that focuses on
Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
unconscious factors that
 BEHAVIOR THERAPY.
motivates behavior. Attention is
Key figures: B.F. Skinner and
given to the events of the first
Albert Bandura. This approach
six years of life as determinants
applies the principles of learning
of the later development of
to the resolution of specific
personality.
behavioral problems. Results are
 ADLERIAN THERAPY.
subject to continual
Founder: Alfred Adler. Key Figure:
experimentation. The methods
Following Adler, Rudolf, Dreikurs
of this approach are always in
is credited with popularizing this
the process of refinement. The
approach in the United States.
mindfulness and acceptance-
This is a growth model that
based approaches are rapidly
stresses assuming responsibility,
gaining popularity.
creating one's own destiny, and
finding meaning and goals to
 COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL
create purposeful life. Key
THERAPY.
concepts are used in most other
Founder: Albert Ellis and A. T.
current therapies.
Beck. Albert Ellis founded
rational emotive behavior
Existential & Relationship-Oriented therapy, a highly didactic,
Therapies cognitive, action-oriented model
 EXISTENTIAL TEHRAPY of therapy, and A. T. Beck
Key figures: Viktor Frankl, Rollo founded cognitive therapy which
May, and Irvin Yalom. Reacting gives a primary role to thinking
against the tendency to view as it influences behavior. Judith
therapy as a Beck continues to develop CBT;
system of well-defined Christine Padesky has developed
techniques, this model stresses strengths-based CBT; and
building therapy on the basic Donald Meichenbaum, who
conditions of human existence, helped develop cognitive
such as choice, the freedom and behavior therapy, has made
responsibility to shape one's life, significant contributions to
and self-determination. It resilience as a factor in coping
focuses on the quality of the with trauma.
person-to-person therapeutic  CHOICE THEORY/REALITY
relationship. THERAPY.
 PERSON-CENTERED THERAPY. Founder: William Glasser. Key
Founder: Carl Rogers; Key figure: figure: Robert Wubbolding. This
Natalie Rogers. This approach short-term approach is based on
was developed during the 1940s choice theory and focuses on the
as a nondirective reaction client assuming responsibility in
against psychoanalysis. Based the present. Through the
on a subjective view of human therapeutic process, the client is
experiencing, it places faith in able to learn more effective
and gives responsibility to the

, ways of meeting her or his
needs.

Systems & Postmodern Approaches
Counseling Psychology
PSY114 B3
 FEMINIST TEHRAPY.
This approach grew out of the
efforts of many women, a few of Major Issues in Counseling
whom are Jean Baker Miller, Psychology (A BRIEF INTRODUCTION)
Carolyn Zerbe Enns, Oliva Espin,
and Laura Brown. A central
concept is the concern for the Counseling
psychological oppression of ~ "Professional assistance in coping
women. Focusing on the with personal problems, including
constraints imposed by the emotional, behavioral, vocational,
sociopolitical status to which
marital, educational, rehabilitation,
women have been relegated,
this approach explores women's and life stage problems. The
identity development, self- counselor makes use of such
concept, goals and aspirations, techniques as active listening,
and emotional well-being. guidance, advice, discussion,
 POSTMODERN THERAPY.
A number of key figures are clarification, and the administration
associated with the development of tests."
of these various approaches to
therapy. Steve de Shazer and Guidance
Insoo Kim Berg are the ~ "Direction, advice, and counseling
cofounders of solution-focused provided in cooperation with the
brief therapy. Michael White and recipient, often using personal data
David Epston are the major and interviews as auxiliary tests."
figures associated with narrative
therapy. Social constructionism,
solution-focused brief therapy, Psychotherapy
and narrative therapy all assume ~"Any psychological service
that there is no single truth; provided by a trained professional
rather, it is believed that reality that primarily uses forms of
is socially constructed through communication and interaction to
human interaction. These assess, diagnose, and treat
approaches maintain that the dysfunctional emotional reactions,
client is an expert in his or her
own life.
ways of thinking, and behavior
 FAMILY SYSTEMS THERAPY. patterns."
A number of significant figures
have been pioneers of the family Although related, the terms describe
systems approach, two of whom different processes in
include Murray Bowen and the field of Psychology. It is
Virginia Satir. This systemic important to learn their differences
approach is based on the
so we can identify their limits and
assumption that the key to
changing the individual is applications.
understanding and working with (From the APA Dictionary, 2020)
the family.
The Basic Philosophies
1. Psychoanalytic Theory
2. Adlerian Theory
3. Existential Therapy
4. Person-Centered Therapy
5. Gestalt Therapy
6. Behavior Therapy
7. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy