Introduction to c:-
C is a general-purpose programming language created by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Laboratories in 1972.
,
C was initially used for system development work, in particular the programs that make-up the operating
system. C was adoped as a system development language because it produces code that runs nearly as fast as
code written in assembly language. Some examples of the use of C might be:
• Operating Systems
• Language Compilers
• Assemblers
• Text Editors
• Print Spoolers
• Network Drivers
• Modern Programs
• Data Bases
• Language Interpreters
• Utilities
for creating system applications that directly interact with the hardware devices such as drivers, kernels, etc.
C programming is considered as the base for other programming languages
Where is C used? Key Applications
1. ‘C’ language is widely used in embedded systems.
2. It is used for developing system applications.
3. It is widely used for developing desktop applications.
4. Most of the applications by Adobe are developed using ‘C’ programming language.
5. It is used for developing browsers and their extensions. Google’s Chromium is built using ‘C’
programming language.
6. It is used to develop databases. MySQL is the most popular database software which is built using ‘C’.
7. It is used in developing an operating system. Operating systems such as Apple’s OS X, Microsoft’s
Windows, and Symbian are developed using ‘C’ language. It is used for developing desktop as well as
mobile phone’s operating system.
8. It is used for compiler production.
9. It is widely used in IOT applications.
History of C programming language:-
The father of programming languages is ALGOL. It came in the year 1960. With the help of ALGOL, the
developer community learned about the concept of structured programming language.
In the year of 1967, a new programming language named BCPL was introduced. BCPL stands for Basic
Combined Programming Language. It is specially used for writing system software.
After 3 long years, a new programming language called B was created by Ken Thompson. It contained multiple
features of BCPL. These two programming languages such as B and BCPL were also known as system
programming languages.
,In 1972, a great computer scientist named Dennis Ritchie created the C programming language. It includes all
the features of B, BCPL, ALGOL, and many more additional features too. That’s what makes it unique
compared to these languages. Most of the UNIX operating systems are created using the C language.
The C Language is developed by Dennis Ritchie for creating system applications that directly interact with the
hardware devices such as drivers, kernels, etc.
C programming is considered as the base for other programming languages, that is why it is known as mother
language.
Example of C Program
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello C Programming\n");
return 0;
}
How to install C
There are many compilers available for c and c++. You need to download any one. Here, we are going to
use Turbo C++. It will work for both C and C++. To install the Turbo C software, you need to follow following
steps.
1. Download Turbo C++
2. Create turboc directory inside c drive and extract the tc3.zip inside c:\turboc
3. Double click on install.exe file
4. Click on the tc application file located inside c:\TC\BIN to write the c program
1) Download Turbo C++ software
You can download turbo c++ from many sites. download Turbo c++
2) Create turboc directory in c drive and extract the tc3.zip
Now, you need to create a new directory turboc inside the c: drive. Now extract the tc3.zip file in c:\truboc
directory.
3) Double click on the install.exe file and follow steps
Now, click on the install icon located inside the c:\turboc
1. History of C Language
,History of C language is interesting to know. Here we are going to discuss a brief history of the c language.
C programming language was developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at bell laboratories of AT&T (American
Telephone & Telegraph), located in the U.S.A.
Dennis Ritchie is known as the founder of the c language.
It was developed to overcome the problems of previous languages such as B, BCPL, etc.
Initially, C language was developed to be used in UNIX operating system. It inherits many features of previous
languages such as B and BCPL.
Let's see the programming languages that were developed before C language.
Language Year Developed By
Algol 1960 International Group
BCPL 1967 Martin Richard
B 1970 Ken Thompson
Traditional C 1972 Dennis Ritchie
K&RC 1978 Kernighan & Dennis Ritchie
ANSI C 1989 ANSI Committee
ANSI/ISO C 1990 ISO Committee
C99 1999 Standardization Committee
It can be defined by the following ways:
, 1. Mother language
2. System programming language
3. Procedure-oriented programming language
4. Structured programming language
5. Mid-level programming language
1) C as a mother language
C language is considered as the mother language of all the modern programming languages because most of the
compilers, JVMs, Kernels, etc. are written in C language, and most of the programming languages follow C
syntax, for example, C++, Java, C#, etc.
It provides the core concepts like the array, strings, functions, file handling, etc. that are being used in many
languages like C++, Java, C#, etc.
2) C as a system programming language
A system programming language is used to create system software. C language is a system programming
language because it can be used to do low-level programming (for example driver and kernel). It is generally
used to create hardware devices, OS, drivers, kernels, etc. For example, Linux kernel is written in C.
It can't be used for internet programming like Java, .Net, PHP, etc.
3) C as a procedural language
A procedure is known as a function, method, routine, subroutine, etc. A procedural language specifies a series
of steps for the program to solve the problem.
A procedural language breaks the program into functions, data structures, etc.
C is a procedural language. In C, variables and function prototypes must be declared before being used.
4) C as a structured programming language
A structured programming language is a subset of the procedural language. Structure means to break a program
into parts or blocks so that it may be easy to understand.
In the C language, we break the program into parts using functions. It makes the program easier to understand
and modify.
5) C as a mid-level programming language
C is a general-purpose programming language created by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Laboratories in 1972.
,
C was initially used for system development work, in particular the programs that make-up the operating
system. C was adoped as a system development language because it produces code that runs nearly as fast as
code written in assembly language. Some examples of the use of C might be:
• Operating Systems
• Language Compilers
• Assemblers
• Text Editors
• Print Spoolers
• Network Drivers
• Modern Programs
• Data Bases
• Language Interpreters
• Utilities
for creating system applications that directly interact with the hardware devices such as drivers, kernels, etc.
C programming is considered as the base for other programming languages
Where is C used? Key Applications
1. ‘C’ language is widely used in embedded systems.
2. It is used for developing system applications.
3. It is widely used for developing desktop applications.
4. Most of the applications by Adobe are developed using ‘C’ programming language.
5. It is used for developing browsers and their extensions. Google’s Chromium is built using ‘C’
programming language.
6. It is used to develop databases. MySQL is the most popular database software which is built using ‘C’.
7. It is used in developing an operating system. Operating systems such as Apple’s OS X, Microsoft’s
Windows, and Symbian are developed using ‘C’ language. It is used for developing desktop as well as
mobile phone’s operating system.
8. It is used for compiler production.
9. It is widely used in IOT applications.
History of C programming language:-
The father of programming languages is ALGOL. It came in the year 1960. With the help of ALGOL, the
developer community learned about the concept of structured programming language.
In the year of 1967, a new programming language named BCPL was introduced. BCPL stands for Basic
Combined Programming Language. It is specially used for writing system software.
After 3 long years, a new programming language called B was created by Ken Thompson. It contained multiple
features of BCPL. These two programming languages such as B and BCPL were also known as system
programming languages.
,In 1972, a great computer scientist named Dennis Ritchie created the C programming language. It includes all
the features of B, BCPL, ALGOL, and many more additional features too. That’s what makes it unique
compared to these languages. Most of the UNIX operating systems are created using the C language.
The C Language is developed by Dennis Ritchie for creating system applications that directly interact with the
hardware devices such as drivers, kernels, etc.
C programming is considered as the base for other programming languages, that is why it is known as mother
language.
Example of C Program
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello C Programming\n");
return 0;
}
How to install C
There are many compilers available for c and c++. You need to download any one. Here, we are going to
use Turbo C++. It will work for both C and C++. To install the Turbo C software, you need to follow following
steps.
1. Download Turbo C++
2. Create turboc directory inside c drive and extract the tc3.zip inside c:\turboc
3. Double click on install.exe file
4. Click on the tc application file located inside c:\TC\BIN to write the c program
1) Download Turbo C++ software
You can download turbo c++ from many sites. download Turbo c++
2) Create turboc directory in c drive and extract the tc3.zip
Now, you need to create a new directory turboc inside the c: drive. Now extract the tc3.zip file in c:\truboc
directory.
3) Double click on the install.exe file and follow steps
Now, click on the install icon located inside the c:\turboc
1. History of C Language
,History of C language is interesting to know. Here we are going to discuss a brief history of the c language.
C programming language was developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at bell laboratories of AT&T (American
Telephone & Telegraph), located in the U.S.A.
Dennis Ritchie is known as the founder of the c language.
It was developed to overcome the problems of previous languages such as B, BCPL, etc.
Initially, C language was developed to be used in UNIX operating system. It inherits many features of previous
languages such as B and BCPL.
Let's see the programming languages that were developed before C language.
Language Year Developed By
Algol 1960 International Group
BCPL 1967 Martin Richard
B 1970 Ken Thompson
Traditional C 1972 Dennis Ritchie
K&RC 1978 Kernighan & Dennis Ritchie
ANSI C 1989 ANSI Committee
ANSI/ISO C 1990 ISO Committee
C99 1999 Standardization Committee
It can be defined by the following ways:
, 1. Mother language
2. System programming language
3. Procedure-oriented programming language
4. Structured programming language
5. Mid-level programming language
1) C as a mother language
C language is considered as the mother language of all the modern programming languages because most of the
compilers, JVMs, Kernels, etc. are written in C language, and most of the programming languages follow C
syntax, for example, C++, Java, C#, etc.
It provides the core concepts like the array, strings, functions, file handling, etc. that are being used in many
languages like C++, Java, C#, etc.
2) C as a system programming language
A system programming language is used to create system software. C language is a system programming
language because it can be used to do low-level programming (for example driver and kernel). It is generally
used to create hardware devices, OS, drivers, kernels, etc. For example, Linux kernel is written in C.
It can't be used for internet programming like Java, .Net, PHP, etc.
3) C as a procedural language
A procedure is known as a function, method, routine, subroutine, etc. A procedural language specifies a series
of steps for the program to solve the problem.
A procedural language breaks the program into functions, data structures, etc.
C is a procedural language. In C, variables and function prototypes must be declared before being used.
4) C as a structured programming language
A structured programming language is a subset of the procedural language. Structure means to break a program
into parts or blocks so that it may be easy to understand.
In the C language, we break the program into parts using functions. It makes the program easier to understand
and modify.
5) C as a mid-level programming language
