Mr Thangesweran Ayakannu PhD, MMBS, MLiP,
DFFP, MRCOG
INTUITIVE Registered Gynaecological Robotic Surgeon
(Liverpool, UK)
British & Irish Association Registered Robotic Gynaecological
Surgeon (Liverpool, UK)
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
Consultant Gynaecology Oncology and Robotic Surgeon
Cervical Cancer
, Agenda
• Introduction –cervical cancer/ types/ causes/ risk factors/
symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Clinical staging/ Radiological staging
• Management of cervical cancer
• Prevention
• Screening
, Cervical cells
Pre-cancerous cervical Cancer of Cervix
changes SCC (Squamous cell cervical
Normal Cervical Cells
CIN1/mild dysplasia/ LGSIL cancer)
(Normal cells in the
CIN2/moderate dysplasia/ Adenocarcinoma of cervix
transformation zone)
HGSIL Adenosquamous (mixed
CIN3/severe dysplasia/ HGSIL cervical carcinoma)
, Cervical cells
• The area where cervical cells are most likely to become
cancerous is called the transformation zone. It is the area just
around the opening of the cervix that leads on to the
endocervical canal. The region of the cervix where squamous
metaplasia occurs is referred to as the transformation zone.
• The transformation zone is the area where glandular cells and
squamous cells meet. It is found around the opening of the
cervix.
DFFP, MRCOG
INTUITIVE Registered Gynaecological Robotic Surgeon
(Liverpool, UK)
British & Irish Association Registered Robotic Gynaecological
Surgeon (Liverpool, UK)
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
Consultant Gynaecology Oncology and Robotic Surgeon
Cervical Cancer
, Agenda
• Introduction –cervical cancer/ types/ causes/ risk factors/
symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Clinical staging/ Radiological staging
• Management of cervical cancer
• Prevention
• Screening
, Cervical cells
Pre-cancerous cervical Cancer of Cervix
changes SCC (Squamous cell cervical
Normal Cervical Cells
CIN1/mild dysplasia/ LGSIL cancer)
(Normal cells in the
CIN2/moderate dysplasia/ Adenocarcinoma of cervix
transformation zone)
HGSIL Adenosquamous (mixed
CIN3/severe dysplasia/ HGSIL cervical carcinoma)
, Cervical cells
• The area where cervical cells are most likely to become
cancerous is called the transformation zone. It is the area just
around the opening of the cervix that leads on to the
endocervical canal. The region of the cervix where squamous
metaplasia occurs is referred to as the transformation zone.
• The transformation zone is the area where glandular cells and
squamous cells meet. It is found around the opening of the
cervix.
