Human Physiology Exam 1 latest
complete update 2024
pathology study of disease
homoeostasis Maintaining a constant internal environment
systems that control homeostasis nervous system and endocrine system
example of homeostasis in response to infection that body develops a fever
Organ systems that allow exchange between internal and external environment - respiratory
system
- digestive system
- urinary system
- reproductive system
Equilibrium state of balance within a system
Disequilibrium the opposite of equilibrium
- always a state of stable disequilibrium between the ICF and ECF
extracellular fluid is made up of plasma and interstitial fluid
what separates the extracellular and intracellular fluid cell membrane
the intracellular fluid is high in what ion potassium (K+)
what does the plasma have that the interstitial fluid doesn't proteins
the extracellular fluid is high in what ions sodium (Na+) and chlorine (Cl-)
,what is the cell membrane composed of phospholipid bilayer
negative feedback loop shuts off the response loop by removing the signal thus helping
with homeostasis.
what is the function of the cell membrane - cell communication
- exchange of material
- structural support
the cell membrane allows what free movement of water-soluble solutes
substances other than water-soluble solutes require a ______ to cross the cell membrane protein
mediated pathway
positive feedback loop reinforces the stimulus, outside factor needed to shut of the
response.
example of negative feedback loop insulin secretion of the pancreas
feedforward mechanism body is doing something in anticipation
example of a positive feedback loop - head of baby pushing on cervix causes increased secretion
of oxytocin
- blood clotting
most body systems run on what type of feedback loop? negative
example of feedforward mechanism salivation reflex at the sight, smell, thought of food
incidence # of new occurrences of a certain disease (per year and 100,000 population)
prevalence # of persons per 100,000 who suffer from a certain disease on a certain day
signs objectively observed indicators of a disorder
symptoms Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient (complaints)
syndromes groups of signs and symptoms that occur together
sequela chronic aftermath of disease
relapse recurrence of a disease signs and symptoms
parts of the cell Cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi
complex/apparatus, lysosome, mitochondria, nucleolus, nucleus, ribosomes, vacuole
function of mitochondria ATP production
, function of rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins
function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium storage in skeletal muscles
function of golgi apparatus protein modification and packaging
function of lysosomes digestive area and then recycles or excretes
function of vacuole stores water and waste
function of vesicles exocytosis and endocytosis
function of nucleus Contains DNA
function of nucleolus Makes ribosomes
passive transport diffusion across a cell membrane along a favorable electrochemical
gradient
- does not require ATP
simple diffusion direct transport of molecules across the cell membrane that is allowed by
the cell membrane.
facilitated diffusion process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through
cell membrane channels
primary active transport - direct transport
- uses ATP
is simple of facilitated diffusion faster facilitated diffusion
secondary active transport form of active transport that uses the potential energy of another
molecule
exocytosis a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior
through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.
endocytosis process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell
membrane
phagocytosis A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells
- cell eating
pinocytosis A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved
solutes.
- cell drinking
complete update 2024
pathology study of disease
homoeostasis Maintaining a constant internal environment
systems that control homeostasis nervous system and endocrine system
example of homeostasis in response to infection that body develops a fever
Organ systems that allow exchange between internal and external environment - respiratory
system
- digestive system
- urinary system
- reproductive system
Equilibrium state of balance within a system
Disequilibrium the opposite of equilibrium
- always a state of stable disequilibrium between the ICF and ECF
extracellular fluid is made up of plasma and interstitial fluid
what separates the extracellular and intracellular fluid cell membrane
the intracellular fluid is high in what ion potassium (K+)
what does the plasma have that the interstitial fluid doesn't proteins
the extracellular fluid is high in what ions sodium (Na+) and chlorine (Cl-)
,what is the cell membrane composed of phospholipid bilayer
negative feedback loop shuts off the response loop by removing the signal thus helping
with homeostasis.
what is the function of the cell membrane - cell communication
- exchange of material
- structural support
the cell membrane allows what free movement of water-soluble solutes
substances other than water-soluble solutes require a ______ to cross the cell membrane protein
mediated pathway
positive feedback loop reinforces the stimulus, outside factor needed to shut of the
response.
example of negative feedback loop insulin secretion of the pancreas
feedforward mechanism body is doing something in anticipation
example of a positive feedback loop - head of baby pushing on cervix causes increased secretion
of oxytocin
- blood clotting
most body systems run on what type of feedback loop? negative
example of feedforward mechanism salivation reflex at the sight, smell, thought of food
incidence # of new occurrences of a certain disease (per year and 100,000 population)
prevalence # of persons per 100,000 who suffer from a certain disease on a certain day
signs objectively observed indicators of a disorder
symptoms Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient (complaints)
syndromes groups of signs and symptoms that occur together
sequela chronic aftermath of disease
relapse recurrence of a disease signs and symptoms
parts of the cell Cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi
complex/apparatus, lysosome, mitochondria, nucleolus, nucleus, ribosomes, vacuole
function of mitochondria ATP production
, function of rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins
function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium storage in skeletal muscles
function of golgi apparatus protein modification and packaging
function of lysosomes digestive area and then recycles or excretes
function of vacuole stores water and waste
function of vesicles exocytosis and endocytosis
function of nucleus Contains DNA
function of nucleolus Makes ribosomes
passive transport diffusion across a cell membrane along a favorable electrochemical
gradient
- does not require ATP
simple diffusion direct transport of molecules across the cell membrane that is allowed by
the cell membrane.
facilitated diffusion process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through
cell membrane channels
primary active transport - direct transport
- uses ATP
is simple of facilitated diffusion faster facilitated diffusion
secondary active transport form of active transport that uses the potential energy of another
molecule
exocytosis a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior
through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.
endocytosis process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell
membrane
phagocytosis A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells
- cell eating
pinocytosis A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved
solutes.
- cell drinking
