VET 113 Proctored Exam Questions And Correct Answers, With Complete Verified Solution.

VET 113 Proctored Exam Questions And Correct Answers, With Complete Verified Solution. Anatomy Deals with the form and structure of the body and its parts Physiology Deals with the functions of the body and its parts Tissue types of integument Epithelial (covers and lines), Connective (provides support), Muscle (enables movement), and Nervous (controls work) List the structures that comprise the integumentary system and describe the function of each 1. Hair: Maintain body temperature and camouflage 2. Glands: Prevents drying of the skin, contains antibacterial and antifungal properties to reduce the skin's risk of infection; helps cool the body through evaporation; assist animals in identifying one another 3. Claws & Declaws: Maintaining traction, defense, catching prey 4. Hoof: Movement and weapon 5. Horns & Antlers: Used as weapons, status symbol, and attractive secondary sex characteristic Epithelial Cells Protects, covers, and lines Filters biochemical substances Absorbs nutrients Provides sensory input Manufactures secretions Manufactures excretions Absorptive cell Blanketed by dense microvilli that maximize absorption by increasing surface contact with the nutrient-filled lumen Goblet cell Manufacture and store lubricating mucus that is secreted onto the luminal surfaces of the epithelia Myoepithelial cells Assist with the discharge of secretions into the glandular duct Fibroblasts Manufacture and secrete both the fibers and the ground substance characteristic of their particular matrix Adipocytes Store energy as fat Thermal insulator Prevents heat loss from the body Mechanical shock absorber around organs Reticular Cells Involved in the immune response and in the manufacture of reticular fibers Mast cells Contain histamine and heparin, which are potent biochemicals that initiate an inflammatory response when released into the tissue Leukocytes WHITE BLOOD CELLS Involved in defense immune system; protect the body by engulfing and digesting invading microbes and manufacture antibodies that attach to microbes and destroy them Macrophages Phagocytizing scavengers; Engulft microbes, microinvaders, dead cells, and debris that are digested in the macrophage's lysosomes Erythrocytes RED BLOOD CELLS Carry oxygen from the lungs to the body, and bring carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be expelled Thrombocytes PLATELETS Stop bleeding by clumping and clotting Neurons Possess and trasmit information: Receives impulses from other cells and conducts impulses away from the cell body; Forms connections with many other tissues Neuroglial cells Support the neurons (do no transmit impulses) Isolate the conductive membranes Provides a supportive framework that helps bind the components of neural tissue together Phagocytize debris Help supply nutrients to neurons by connection them to blood vessels Skull Axial Skeleton Collection of flat bones that are fused or hinged together to form a solid mass of bone Protects the brain, forms the nasal passages and eye sockets, and creates jawbones for biting and chewing, serve as sites of attachment for muscles of facial expression, chewing, swallowing , and head and neck movement Hyoid Bone Axial Skeleton Structure made of bone and cartilage that forms a sling to support the larynx, pharynx, and tongue. Assists in the processes of swallowing. Spinal Column Axial Skeleton Consists of a series of bony vertebrae that extend along the long axis of the body from the scull to the end of the tail; The vertebrae act as a central support for the body and protect the spinal cord Ribs Axial Skeleton Associated with the thoracic vertebrae and form a protective cage around the heart and lungs; Aid in the process of respiration Sternum Axial Skeleton A series of bones that lie medially on the ventral surface of the thorax; Helps protect the contents of the chest and aids in the breathing process Thoracic Limb Appendicular Skeleton Support the front end of the body; Aren't connected to the axial skeleton by bone, only by ligaments and tendons Pelvic Limb Appendicular Skeleton Support the rear end of the body; Main source of propulsion and strength when the animal runs or jumps Visceral Skeleton Bones that form in soft organs to strengthen or support Parts of the skeletal system Axial: Skull, Hyoid Bone, Spinal Column, Ribs, Sternum Appendicular: Thoracic Limb, Pelvic Limp Fibrous Joints Found in skulls and in splint bones of horses; Immoveable because they're united by fibrous tissue Cartilaginous joints Found in the vertebrae, pelvis, and mandible; only somewhat moveable- move in a rocking-type motion Synovial Joints Found in most moveable areas of the body; Freely moveable joints Includes articular surfaces on the bones, articular cartilage covering the articular surfaces, and a fluid-filled joint cavity enclosed by a joint capsule. Firm connective tissues bands (ligaments) may help stabilize the bones and hold the joint together Skeletal Muscle -Moves the bones of the skeleton by contracting, generates heat -Voluntary striated -Multiple nuclei -Cell shape: long, thin fiber -Nerve supply necessary for function -Well defined group of muscle cells surrounded by a fibrous connective sheath (epimysium); thick central portion (belly) and two or more attachment sites that join them to watever structures they move when they contract Cardiac Muscle -Found in the heart -Pumps blood -One nucleus per cell -Branched cell shape (smaller than skeletal muscle cells) -Contracts continually throughout the life of the animal -Involuntary striated -Nerve supply modifies activity, no necessary for function; Multi-unit necessary for function -Cardiac muscle cells are securely attached to each other end to end to form intricate, branching networks of cells -Attachment sites (intercalated discs) securely fasten the cells together and transmit impulses from cell to cell to allow large groups of cardiac muscle cells to contract in a coordinated manner Smooth Muscle -Located in internal organs, blood vessels, eye -Produces movements in internal organs and structures -Single nuclei -Nonstriated, involuntary -Spindle cell shape -Nerve supply: Visceral- modifies activity, not necessary for function -Found in two main forms: large sheets of cells in the walls of some hallow organs or small, discrete groups of cells Cells Basic functional units of animal life; smallest subdivisions of the body that are capable of life Can carry out all life functions necessary to support itself or it can divide the work and specialize in multicellular animals Tissues Specialized cells that group together -Epithelial: Cover body surfaces, secrete materials, and absorb materials -Connective: Holds the body together (connects its cells) and gives it support -Muscle: Moves the body inside and out -Nervous: Transmits information around the body and controls body functions Organs Groups of tissues that work together for common purposes Systems Groups of organs that are involved in a common set of activities Cranial Toward the head end of the body Rostral Toward the tip of the nose Caudal Toward the tail end of the body Dorsal Toward the back Ventral Toward the belly Medial Toward the median plane Lateral Away from the median plane