Anatomy Final Questions

Anatomy Final Questions
1. The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is __________ to water.
Impermeable
2. What are the cells called that wrap pedicels around the glomerular capillaries?
Podocytes
3. Which of these structures does not enter or exit the kidney at the hilum: a)
Renal Vein b) Renal Artery c) Renal Nerves d) Ureter e) None of the above
e) none of the above
4. Which of the following lists structures of the nephron in the correct order?
Glomerulus, Proximal Tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal Tubule, Collecting Duct
5. What cell type makes up the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli
6. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding glomerular filtration:
The creatinine clearance test is the most accurate way to measure GFR
7. Diuretics do which of the following? a) Promote water loss in urine b) Decrease
blood volume c) Decrease blood pressure d) A and C e) A, B, and C
e) A, B, and C
8. By what mechanism is glomerular filtration performed?
A pressure gradient that yields a filtrate with the same composition as the blood plasma
minus plasma proteins
9. Which of the following is true about factors controlling GFR?
a) GHP (glomerular hydrostatic pressure) normally pushes water and solutes out
of plasma and into filtrate
b) GHP is normally higher than systemic capillary pressures
c) BCOP (blood colloid osmotic pressure) draws water back into plasma and
therefore opposes filtration
d) CsHP (Capsular hydrostatic pressure) opposes GHP
e) all of the above are true
e) all of the above are true
10. Which substance(s) affect mesangial contraction?
a) Angiotensin II
b) Vasopressin
c) Histamine
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
d) All of the above
11. Sympathetic innervation of the kidneys:
a) Limits the amount of reabsorption at the nephron
b) Adjusts rate of urine formation by changing blood flow and blood pressure at
the nephron
c) Stimulates the release of renin
d) Two of the above (B & C)
e) All of the above
d) Two of the above (B & C)

,12. Which of the following is incorrectly matched with regards to regulation of the
glomerular filtration rate?
Hormonal regulation - initiated by the anterior pituitary
13. Along with the urinary system, which other body systems are regarded as
components of the excretory system?
a) Integumentary System
b) Respiratory System
c) Digestive System
d) Two of the above
e) All of the above
e) All of the above
14. Where does glucose reabsorption take place?
PCT
15. Which of the following is an age-related change that affects the urinary
system?
a) Decline in the number of functioning nephrons
b) Reduction in the glomerular filtration rate
c) Reduced sensitivity to ADH
d) Problems with the micturition reflex
e) All of the above
e) All of the above
16. Why are infants unable to voluntarily control urination?
Corticospinal connections have not yet been established
d) they don't know any better (but really)
17. How do the kidneys compensate for decreased blood pressure while
maintaining the glomerular filtration rate?
Dilation of afferent glomerular arteriole
18. What is the correct order of blood flow through the kidney?
I. Afferent arterioles
II. Interlobular veins
III. The glomerulus
IV. Venules
V. Efferent arterioles
VI. Interlobular arteries
VII. Peritubular capillaries
b) VI, I, III, V, VII, IV, II
19. Which of the following is a mechanism for Na+ reabsorption in the proximal
convoluted tubule?
a) Diffusion through leak channels
b) Cotransport with organic solutes
c) Countertransport with H+ ions
d) Two of the above
e) All of the above
e) All of the above
20. What would happen to the blood and urine pH, respectively, if the action of
aldosterone is inhibited?

, Decrease, increase
21. A patient presents with hypertension. Which of the following would have an
effect on the renal system to reduce blood pressure?
a) Administer an ACE-inhibitor, preventing cleavage of angiotensin I into
angiotensin II
b) Administer a diuretic or an inhibitor of antidiuretic hormone
c) Administer an aldosterone inhibitor
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
22. The filtration membrane consists of which of the following?
a) Capillary endothelium
b) Dense layer
c) Filtration slits
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
d) All of the above
23. Which of the following occurs in response to a decrease in systemic blood
pressure?
a) Relaxation of the afferent glomerular arteriole
b) Release of renin from the adrenal cortex
c) Increased release of ADH from the posterior pituitary
d) Two of the above (A and C)
e) All of the above
d) Two of the above (A and C)
24. Sympathetic innervation directly affects all of the following to regulate
systemic blood pressure EXCEPT:
Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin II in the nephron
25. In response to decreased systemic blood pressure, homeostasis of renal
filtration can be reestablished by which of the following autoregulatory
mechanisms?
a) Contraction of mesangial cells to dilate the glomerular capillaries
b) Dilation of the afferent arterioles
c) Constriction of the efferent arterioles
d) Two of the above
e) All of the above
e) All of the above
26. What type of epithelium is found in the urethra?
a) Contraction of mesangial cells to dilate the glomerular capillaries
b) Dilation of the afferent arterioles
c) Constriction of the efferent arterioles
d) Two of the above
e) All of the above
d) Two of the above (A & C)
27. In which of the following segments is sodium NOT actively transported out of
the nephron?
The thin segment of the loop of Henle