Survey of Pacific Northwest History for
Educators
True or False? Europeans and Americans were dependent on Native Americans
for the functioning of the fur trade.
True. Native Americans set prices and trade arrangements for the fur trade, sometimes
requiring lengthy negotiations before providing the furs.
After early contact with Europeans and Americans, certain Native American
leaders established
Trade Empires
True or False? The land-based fur trade was eventually overtaken by the maritime
fur trade in the Pacific Northwest.
False. The maritime fur trade began first, eventually giving way to the land-based fur
trade in the Pacific Northwest.
True or False? Lewis and Clark came to the Pacific Northwest to establish a
trading company.
False. Lewis and Clark journeyed through the Pacific Northwest to explore the area
from the Louisiana Purchase, not to establish a trading company.
What was the route of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?
Lewis and Clark traveled from the east in St. Louis, Missouri, across the Rocky
Mountains to the mouth of the Columbia River in today's Washington state.
What is a characteristic of the Hudson's Bay Company?
The Hudson's Bay Company dominated the local economy and was considered a
monopoly.
Which two epidemics struck Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest following
initial contacts with Europeans and Americans?
Measles and smallpox epidemics struck Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest
following initial contacts with Europeans and Americans.
European and American fur traders ________ extensively with enslaved Native
American women in the Pacific Northwest.
Intermarried
Which two types of resources did the Coeur d'Alene people and Nez Perce people
adopt after early contacts with Europeans and Americans?
The Coeur d'Alene people and Nez Perce people adopted horses and firearms after
early contacts with Europeans and Americans.
True or False? Following its introduction by missionaries, Catholicism became an
integral part of Coeur d'Alene religious belief that continues to the present day.
True. Following its introduction by missionaries, Catholicism became an integral part of
Coeur d'Alene religious belief that continues to the present day.
True or False? The potlatch was recognized by the United States federal
government as an important tradition and was officially protected in the 1870s.
False. Potlatch was banned in the 1870s and Indian agents actively attempted to
suppress the practice of potlatch.
What are two effects of European and American colonization on Native
Americans in the Pacific Northwest?
, 1. Implementing non-Native American governmental systems in the region.
2. Displacement of Native American people
What was a major effect of the U.S. government's Donation Land Claim Act of
1850?
The Donation Land Claim Act of 1850 originally promised 320 acres of land in what is
now Oregon to each white man (and another 320 acres to his wife) who stayed on and
improved the land for at least four years.
What was Manifest Destiny?
The belief that God willed Americans to spread and inhabit North America.
Between 1818 and 1846, agreements among imperialist powers resulted in
__________ over the Pacific Northwest and its peoples.
British and U.S. joint rule
Which annual practice did American colonists in the Willamette Valley prevent
Native Americans from participating in?
American colonists in the Willamette Valley prevented Native Americans from setting
annual fires to manage the environment.
Who was sent by President Franklin Pierce to negotiate treaties with the Native
American peoples in Washington Territory?
Isaac Stevens-As the territorial governor of Washington, Stevens was responsible for
negotiating treaties with the Native American peoples.
What were two common conditions of treaties between Native peoples and the
U.S. government?
Two common features of treaties with Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest
were retained rights to hunt and fish in areas that had been traditionally used since time
immemorial and guaranteed annuity payments to the peoples over a series of years.
Treaty of Point No Point - 1855
Native American peoples retained rights to their traditional hunting and fishing grounds
and agreed to not trade at Vancouver Island.
Treaty of Medicine Creek - 1854 (Who)
Chief Leschi disagreed with the land designated as a reservation and refused to sign
the treaty, although his mark was placed on the treaty without his agreement. This
treaty was a contributing factor for the Puget Sound War.
Treaty of Point Elliott
1855 Chief Sealth
Treaty of Neah Bay
The Treaty of Neah Bay included the following specific language that guaranteed
whaling rights for the Makah people: "[t]he right of taking fish and of whaling or sealing
at usual and accustomed grounds and stations is further secured to said Indians in
common with all citizens of the United States."
What are two frequently cited reasons for why the treaty negotiation process was
unfair?
1. Language barriers
2. Cultural differences
Which war was triggered when gold was found near a reservation and white
miners trespassed onto Native lands, raping Native women and stealing horses?
Yakima War
Educators
True or False? Europeans and Americans were dependent on Native Americans
for the functioning of the fur trade.
True. Native Americans set prices and trade arrangements for the fur trade, sometimes
requiring lengthy negotiations before providing the furs.
After early contact with Europeans and Americans, certain Native American
leaders established
Trade Empires
True or False? The land-based fur trade was eventually overtaken by the maritime
fur trade in the Pacific Northwest.
False. The maritime fur trade began first, eventually giving way to the land-based fur
trade in the Pacific Northwest.
True or False? Lewis and Clark came to the Pacific Northwest to establish a
trading company.
False. Lewis and Clark journeyed through the Pacific Northwest to explore the area
from the Louisiana Purchase, not to establish a trading company.
What was the route of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?
Lewis and Clark traveled from the east in St. Louis, Missouri, across the Rocky
Mountains to the mouth of the Columbia River in today's Washington state.
What is a characteristic of the Hudson's Bay Company?
The Hudson's Bay Company dominated the local economy and was considered a
monopoly.
Which two epidemics struck Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest following
initial contacts with Europeans and Americans?
Measles and smallpox epidemics struck Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest
following initial contacts with Europeans and Americans.
European and American fur traders ________ extensively with enslaved Native
American women in the Pacific Northwest.
Intermarried
Which two types of resources did the Coeur d'Alene people and Nez Perce people
adopt after early contacts with Europeans and Americans?
The Coeur d'Alene people and Nez Perce people adopted horses and firearms after
early contacts with Europeans and Americans.
True or False? Following its introduction by missionaries, Catholicism became an
integral part of Coeur d'Alene religious belief that continues to the present day.
True. Following its introduction by missionaries, Catholicism became an integral part of
Coeur d'Alene religious belief that continues to the present day.
True or False? The potlatch was recognized by the United States federal
government as an important tradition and was officially protected in the 1870s.
False. Potlatch was banned in the 1870s and Indian agents actively attempted to
suppress the practice of potlatch.
What are two effects of European and American colonization on Native
Americans in the Pacific Northwest?
, 1. Implementing non-Native American governmental systems in the region.
2. Displacement of Native American people
What was a major effect of the U.S. government's Donation Land Claim Act of
1850?
The Donation Land Claim Act of 1850 originally promised 320 acres of land in what is
now Oregon to each white man (and another 320 acres to his wife) who stayed on and
improved the land for at least four years.
What was Manifest Destiny?
The belief that God willed Americans to spread and inhabit North America.
Between 1818 and 1846, agreements among imperialist powers resulted in
__________ over the Pacific Northwest and its peoples.
British and U.S. joint rule
Which annual practice did American colonists in the Willamette Valley prevent
Native Americans from participating in?
American colonists in the Willamette Valley prevented Native Americans from setting
annual fires to manage the environment.
Who was sent by President Franklin Pierce to negotiate treaties with the Native
American peoples in Washington Territory?
Isaac Stevens-As the territorial governor of Washington, Stevens was responsible for
negotiating treaties with the Native American peoples.
What were two common conditions of treaties between Native peoples and the
U.S. government?
Two common features of treaties with Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest
were retained rights to hunt and fish in areas that had been traditionally used since time
immemorial and guaranteed annuity payments to the peoples over a series of years.
Treaty of Point No Point - 1855
Native American peoples retained rights to their traditional hunting and fishing grounds
and agreed to not trade at Vancouver Island.
Treaty of Medicine Creek - 1854 (Who)
Chief Leschi disagreed with the land designated as a reservation and refused to sign
the treaty, although his mark was placed on the treaty without his agreement. This
treaty was a contributing factor for the Puget Sound War.
Treaty of Point Elliott
1855 Chief Sealth
Treaty of Neah Bay
The Treaty of Neah Bay included the following specific language that guaranteed
whaling rights for the Makah people: "[t]he right of taking fish and of whaling or sealing
at usual and accustomed grounds and stations is further secured to said Indians in
common with all citizens of the United States."
What are two frequently cited reasons for why the treaty negotiation process was
unfair?
1. Language barriers
2. Cultural differences
Which war was triggered when gold was found near a reservation and white
miners trespassed onto Native lands, raping Native women and stealing horses?
Yakima War
