NRE Chapters Final Exam 2024
Cost Benefit Analysis
Way of estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives that satisfy a business.
Heuristic
Enabling a person to discover or learn something for themselves.
Bandwagon Effect
Doing something because someone else is.
Kingdon's Three Stream Model of Policy Making
For an issue to get on the political agenda 3 things must be addressed:
1. A problem
2. A solution to the problem
3. The Political will to fix the problem
Salience
Extent to which the public cares about an issue.
How noticeable something is.
Policy Window
Opportunity to make new policy
Policy Entrepreneurs
Public entrepreneurs who voice the opinions of the publiuc to government officals
Primary Government Actors
President- pass or veto bills
Members of Congress- Formulate legislation
Executive Branch Officials- Interpret and administer laws
Judges- Review
Public Policy
A course of government action in response to social problems
Which of the following best describes the conservationist form of
environmentalism?
Natural resources should be managed wisely, to ensure sustainable long-term supply.
What Idea of technological optimism?
The nature of the physical world permits continued improvement in humankind's
economic lot in the long run, indefinitely.
With which of the following statements about environmental policy debates
would Layzer most likely agree?
Arguments are seldom framed as a difference in values, and more often framed as a
debate over science, economics, and risk.
Which of the following best describes the availability heuristic?
People tend to overestimate the risks associated with spectacular events and
underestimate the risks associated with mundane or ordinary events.
Which of the following best describes a function of policy entrepreneurs in
promoting changes in environmental policy?
They spread familiarity and build consensus for policy ideas while waiting for an
opportunity for implementation.
Policy Analysis
, Background
Major actors
Problem definitions
Policy process
Other issues
EPA
US Environmental Protection Agency
What are key characteristics and challenges to the EPA?
Lack of integration across environmental media, issues
Science-focused, but some criticism of its quality
Staffing and funding levels
Dealing with scientific uncertainty in setting policy
Multiple stakeholders
Earth Day
Holiday created by environmentalists to get the word out about CAA and CWA (1970)
Senator Muskie
Worked with president Nixon to create new policies in regards to CAA CWA
Rachel Carson
Author of Silent Spring
Silent Spring
An enviromentalist propaganda book that addressed chemical exposure in the food US
citizens were consuming.
President Nixon
Started his term as an environmentalist and then later became a cornucopian, more
concerned with the economy than environmental issues.
vetoed first form of the CWA because it failed to consider the economic cost and
benefit.
What did the CWA and CAA result in?
Regulating large companies chemical emissions by using their money and technology
to make slight changes in daily routine.
Environmental problem in the Love Canal crisis
Hazardous substances buried underground contaminated the groundwater, affecting
people living near the dump.
The INITIAL response by local officials to the complaints of the Love Canal area's
residents
City officials made few attempts to clean up the pollution or even acknowledge the
severity of the problem.
The media coverage and its effects during the Love Canal crisis
Media coverage of the crisis created saliency for the broad public, far beyond the
residents of the Love Canal area.
Local news coverage raised residents' awareness of the problem and spurred them to
join together in calling for government action.
Media coverage encouraged state and federal officials to take action to aid the Love
Canal residents.
The media coverage tended to exacerbate the tensions between Love Canal residents
and government officials.
Cost Benefit Analysis
Way of estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives that satisfy a business.
Heuristic
Enabling a person to discover or learn something for themselves.
Bandwagon Effect
Doing something because someone else is.
Kingdon's Three Stream Model of Policy Making
For an issue to get on the political agenda 3 things must be addressed:
1. A problem
2. A solution to the problem
3. The Political will to fix the problem
Salience
Extent to which the public cares about an issue.
How noticeable something is.
Policy Window
Opportunity to make new policy
Policy Entrepreneurs
Public entrepreneurs who voice the opinions of the publiuc to government officals
Primary Government Actors
President- pass or veto bills
Members of Congress- Formulate legislation
Executive Branch Officials- Interpret and administer laws
Judges- Review
Public Policy
A course of government action in response to social problems
Which of the following best describes the conservationist form of
environmentalism?
Natural resources should be managed wisely, to ensure sustainable long-term supply.
What Idea of technological optimism?
The nature of the physical world permits continued improvement in humankind's
economic lot in the long run, indefinitely.
With which of the following statements about environmental policy debates
would Layzer most likely agree?
Arguments are seldom framed as a difference in values, and more often framed as a
debate over science, economics, and risk.
Which of the following best describes the availability heuristic?
People tend to overestimate the risks associated with spectacular events and
underestimate the risks associated with mundane or ordinary events.
Which of the following best describes a function of policy entrepreneurs in
promoting changes in environmental policy?
They spread familiarity and build consensus for policy ideas while waiting for an
opportunity for implementation.
Policy Analysis
, Background
Major actors
Problem definitions
Policy process
Other issues
EPA
US Environmental Protection Agency
What are key characteristics and challenges to the EPA?
Lack of integration across environmental media, issues
Science-focused, but some criticism of its quality
Staffing and funding levels
Dealing with scientific uncertainty in setting policy
Multiple stakeholders
Earth Day
Holiday created by environmentalists to get the word out about CAA and CWA (1970)
Senator Muskie
Worked with president Nixon to create new policies in regards to CAA CWA
Rachel Carson
Author of Silent Spring
Silent Spring
An enviromentalist propaganda book that addressed chemical exposure in the food US
citizens were consuming.
President Nixon
Started his term as an environmentalist and then later became a cornucopian, more
concerned with the economy than environmental issues.
vetoed first form of the CWA because it failed to consider the economic cost and
benefit.
What did the CWA and CAA result in?
Regulating large companies chemical emissions by using their money and technology
to make slight changes in daily routine.
Environmental problem in the Love Canal crisis
Hazardous substances buried underground contaminated the groundwater, affecting
people living near the dump.
The INITIAL response by local officials to the complaints of the Love Canal area's
residents
City officials made few attempts to clean up the pollution or even acknowledge the
severity of the problem.
The media coverage and its effects during the Love Canal crisis
Media coverage of the crisis created saliency for the broad public, far beyond the
residents of the Love Canal area.
Local news coverage raised residents' awareness of the problem and spurred them to
join together in calling for government action.
Media coverage encouraged state and federal officials to take action to aid the Love
Canal residents.
The media coverage tended to exacerbate the tensions between Love Canal residents
and government officials.
