UPDATED Gerontological Nursing EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS|A+ GUARANTEED

General Gerontological Nurses - ANSWER- -Direct care providers -Case managers -Nurse leaders -Educators -Patient advocates -Administrators Advanced practice gerontological nurses - ANSWER- -Health promotion -Disease prevention -Long-term management of chronic conditions Normal age related changed in the brain - ANSWER- It loses some axons and neurons, and it decreases in size Normal age related changed in the eyes - ANSWER- Difficulty focusing, increased sensitive to glare, and diminished nighttime vision Normal age related changed in the heart - ANSWER- The muscle thickens with age, maximum pumping rate declines Normal age related changed in body size - ANSWER- Body fat increases in the trunk of the body Normal age related changed in the ears - ANSWER- High frequency hearing loss Normal age related changed in the vessels - ANSWER- Arteries stiffen and blood oxygenation levels decline Normal age related changed in the lungs - ANSWER- Maximum breathing capacity in the lungs decline Normal age related changed in the kidneys - ANSWER- They become less efficient at removing waste from blood Normal age related changed in the bladder - ANSWER- Capacity declines Normal age related changed in the muscles - ANSWER- Mass is lost, especially in women who usually have less baseline bone mass than men. It can decline rapidly without exercise Normal Aging - ANSWER- -The study of aging continues to grow and evolve. -Each body system is affected by aging. -Modifiable changes can be slowed by healthy lifestyle. Holistic Health Dimensions - ANSWER- -Physical -Mental -Emotional -Spiritual well-being Aging Population - ANSWER- -Over the next 20 years 74 million baby boomers will retire. Medicare and Social Security will add 10,000 new retirees per day. -The old-old (over age 85) are the fastest growing segment of the population, growing at twice the rate of those 65 and over and 4 times faster than the total U.S. population. This group will triple by 2050. What Sex is most Abundant in the Older Population - ANSWER- Woman make up the majority of the population at 55% Life After 65 - ANSWER- -Health care has improved. -There has been an increase in the use of preventive services. -People are choosing healthier lifestyles. -Medicare has expanded coverage of preventive services. -The older adult should be urged to assume more responsibility for healthy aging. Death Rate - ANSWER- -The death rate for 7 of the 10 leading causes of death has decreased. -The death rate increased for Alzheimer's disease, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis. -Heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes account for two-thirds of all deaths each year. Primary Level of Prevention - ANSWER- Health promotion: education, vaccines Secondary Level of Prevention - ANSWER- Early diagnosis and prompt treatment: screening, mammograms, pap smears, colonoscopy Tertiary Level of Prevention - ANSWER- Restoration and rehabilitation: basic rehab, getting them back to their previous level of function Opportunities to Improve Older Adults' Health and Quality of Life - ANSWER- -Healthy lifestyles -Early disease detection -Immunization -Injury prevention -Self-management techniques Barriers to Geriatric Nursing - ANSWER- -Fear of aging -Disease -Disability -Decline Most common gerontological chronic disease - ANSWER- -Degenerative joint disease -Chronic back pain -Diabetes mellitus -Stroke -Atherosclerosis -Lung or respiratory problems -Deafness or hearing problems -Blindness or vision problems Chronic Disease with Older Adults - ANSWER- 80% of the older adult population have at least one chronic condition Physical Decline in the Older Adult Population - ANSWER- Due to: -Smoking -Poor nutrition -Physical inactivity -Failure to use preventative and screening services *All modifiable risk factors* Ageism - ANSWER- Any stereotype at any age (terrible two's, older adults are slow) Gerontological Myths Can Lead too: - ANSWER- -Ageism -Reduced healthcare services -Segregation of elders from mainstream society -Difficulty recruiting nurses to work with the elderly Common Aging Myths - ANSWER- -Old means being sick -Older people cannot learn new things -Health promotion is wasted on older people -The elderly do not pull their own weight. -It is too late to change bad habits -Older people have no interest in sex Benign and Superficial Aging Changes - ANSWER- Graying hair, wrinkles Senescence (Aging) - ANSWER- Progressive body system deterioration. Can increase the risk of mortality as the adult gets older