BSC2093 Exam 1 Questions for Final Exam Revision
What is the definition of anatomy? - answ the study of the structure of the body
What is the definition of physiology? - answ the study of how the body and its parts
work or function
List, in order, the heirarchy of complexity among living things. - answ atoms - molecules
- cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organisms
List and describe the common characteristics of living things. - answ Cells (all living
things are made of cells); Organization (all living things have more complex structural
arrangments than nonliving things);
Responsiveness (all living things have the ability to detect and respond to stimuli);
Regulation (all living things have the ability to maintain homeostasis)
Growth/Development (over time, all living things grow in size and develop in maturity)
Reproduction (all living things possess the ability to produce offspring)
Metabolism (all living things contain chemical processes taking place within them)
What is homeostasis and what does it regulate? - answ the ability to maintain a
relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world; regulates
physiological systems and functions
List and describe the four life processes. - answ Respiration (allows aerobic reactions
to take place by supplying oxygen);
Digestion (the mechanical and chemical process of absorbing nutrients from food);
Circulation (the internal movement of substance);
excretion (the removal of metabolic and digestive waste products)
What is anatomical position? Describe it. - answ The standard physical position of
reference in the medical field; a person standing erect, facing front with arms to the
side, palms open and facing anterior
What are the main functions of the Integumentary System? - answ protection,
temperature regulation, and secretion
What are the main functions of the Skeletal System? - answ support, blood production,
mineral storage, and protection
What are the main functions of the Muscular System? - answ movement, heat
generation, and support
What are the main functions of the Nervous System? - answ response to stimuli and
coordinated activity
, What are the main functions of the Urinary System? - answ excretes waste products
through urine
What are the main functions of the Endocrine System? - answ directs long-term
changes in other organ systems
What are the main functions of the Cardiovascular System? - answ transportation and
circulation of various substances
What are the main functions of the Digestive System? - answ process food and absorb
nutrient (vitamins and mineral)
What are the main functions of the Lymphatic System? - answ defense, detoxification,
and fluid regulation
What are the main functions of the Reproductive System? - answ production of sex
cells, secretion of hormones, support healthy embryonic development
Describe the general homeostatic process. - answ A stimulus is detected by a receptor;
the receptor sends a message the to control center; the control center receives and
interprets the message while also signaling the effector; the effect carries out the control
center request; homeostasis is restored
What is a negative feedback loop? List two examples. - answ A homeostatic process in
which the effector NEGATES (opposes) the stimulus; (!) when body temperature rises,
negative feedback causes is to be lowered; (2) when blood sugar gets too high,
negative feedback stimulates the release of blood-glucose-lowering insulin
What is a positive feedback loop? List an example. - answ A homeostatic process in
which the stimulus produces an exaggerated (accelerated) response; (1) when a cut
begins to bleed, blood-clotting agents are released; as time passes, the clotting
accelerates until a full blood clot has formed and the bleeding has subsided
List the four abdominopelvic quadrants. - answ right upper quadrant, left upper
quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant
List the nine abdominopelvic regions. - answ right hypochondriac region, epigastric
region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar
region, right inguinal (iliac) region, hypogastric region, left inguinal (iliac) region
List the three directional planes. - answ Frontal (coronal)
Sagittal (side-facing)
Transverse (horizontal)
Distal means... - answ Away from the point of attachment
What is the definition of anatomy? - answ the study of the structure of the body
What is the definition of physiology? - answ the study of how the body and its parts
work or function
List, in order, the heirarchy of complexity among living things. - answ atoms - molecules
- cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organisms
List and describe the common characteristics of living things. - answ Cells (all living
things are made of cells); Organization (all living things have more complex structural
arrangments than nonliving things);
Responsiveness (all living things have the ability to detect and respond to stimuli);
Regulation (all living things have the ability to maintain homeostasis)
Growth/Development (over time, all living things grow in size and develop in maturity)
Reproduction (all living things possess the ability to produce offspring)
Metabolism (all living things contain chemical processes taking place within them)
What is homeostasis and what does it regulate? - answ the ability to maintain a
relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world; regulates
physiological systems and functions
List and describe the four life processes. - answ Respiration (allows aerobic reactions
to take place by supplying oxygen);
Digestion (the mechanical and chemical process of absorbing nutrients from food);
Circulation (the internal movement of substance);
excretion (the removal of metabolic and digestive waste products)
What is anatomical position? Describe it. - answ The standard physical position of
reference in the medical field; a person standing erect, facing front with arms to the
side, palms open and facing anterior
What are the main functions of the Integumentary System? - answ protection,
temperature regulation, and secretion
What are the main functions of the Skeletal System? - answ support, blood production,
mineral storage, and protection
What are the main functions of the Muscular System? - answ movement, heat
generation, and support
What are the main functions of the Nervous System? - answ response to stimuli and
coordinated activity
, What are the main functions of the Urinary System? - answ excretes waste products
through urine
What are the main functions of the Endocrine System? - answ directs long-term
changes in other organ systems
What are the main functions of the Cardiovascular System? - answ transportation and
circulation of various substances
What are the main functions of the Digestive System? - answ process food and absorb
nutrient (vitamins and mineral)
What are the main functions of the Lymphatic System? - answ defense, detoxification,
and fluid regulation
What are the main functions of the Reproductive System? - answ production of sex
cells, secretion of hormones, support healthy embryonic development
Describe the general homeostatic process. - answ A stimulus is detected by a receptor;
the receptor sends a message the to control center; the control center receives and
interprets the message while also signaling the effector; the effect carries out the control
center request; homeostasis is restored
What is a negative feedback loop? List two examples. - answ A homeostatic process in
which the effector NEGATES (opposes) the stimulus; (!) when body temperature rises,
negative feedback causes is to be lowered; (2) when blood sugar gets too high,
negative feedback stimulates the release of blood-glucose-lowering insulin
What is a positive feedback loop? List an example. - answ A homeostatic process in
which the stimulus produces an exaggerated (accelerated) response; (1) when a cut
begins to bleed, blood-clotting agents are released; as time passes, the clotting
accelerates until a full blood clot has formed and the bleeding has subsided
List the four abdominopelvic quadrants. - answ right upper quadrant, left upper
quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant
List the nine abdominopelvic regions. - answ right hypochondriac region, epigastric
region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar
region, right inguinal (iliac) region, hypogastric region, left inguinal (iliac) region
List the three directional planes. - answ Frontal (coronal)
Sagittal (side-facing)
Transverse (horizontal)
Distal means... - answ Away from the point of attachment
