NR 511 FINAL EXAM 1
The effectiveness of benzodiazepines in treating anxiety disorders suggests that which
of the following neurotransmitters plays a role in anxiety?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
The criteria for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder in the American Psychiatric
Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (text
revision) state that excessive worry or apprehension must be present more days than
not for at least?
6 months
A 20-year-old woman is seen in the clinic because her boyfriend was found to have
gonorrhoea. Which of the following is the treatment of choice for gonorrhoea?
a. Ceftriaxone
b. Doxycycline
c. Acyclovir
d. Metronidazole
A patient is seen in the clinic with a chief complaint of haematuria. To make a
differential diagnosis, which of the following questions should be asked?
a. "Do you have a history of liver disease?"
b."What medications are you currently taking?"
c. "Have you noticed swelling in your ankles?"
d. All of the above
A patient is seen in the clinic with haematuria confirmed on microscopic examination.
The clinician should inquire about the ingestion of which of these substances that might
be the cause of haematuria?
a. NSAIDs
b. Beets
c. Vitamin A
,d. Red meat
NSAIDS
A 27-year-old female presents with a chief complaint of burning and pain on urination.
She has no previous history of urinary tract infection (UTI). What are some additional
symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of lower UTI?
a. Back and abdominal pain
b. Fever, chills, costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
c. Blood in urine and frequency
d. Foul-smelling discharge, perineal itch
A 30-year-old patient presents with pain on urination. The urine microscopy of unspun
urine shows greater than 10 leukocytes/mL, and a dipstick is positive for nitrites.
What is the probable diagnosis?
a. Lower urinary tract infection
b. Chlamydia infection
c. Candidiasis
d. Pyelonephritis
A patient presents with CVA tenderness and a several-day history of high fever, chills,
and dysuria. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely given the above
information?
a. Pyelonephritis
b. Cystitis
c. Renal calculi
d. Bladder tumour
A patient is diagnosed with urge incontinence. Before prescribing Detrol XL, the
provider should question the patient about which of these contraindications to this
medication?
a. Diarrhoea
b. Parkinson's disease
c. Closed-angle glaucoma
d. Breast cancer
,A patient is seen in the office complaining of severe flank pain. The clinician should
assess this patient for which risk factor for kidney stones?
a. Hypertension
b. Constipation
c. Tubal ligation
d. Diabetes
A patient is diagnosed with overactive bladder. Which of the following instructions
should be given to this woman?
a. "Limit the amount of water that you drink."
b. "Eliminate caffeine from your diet."
c. "Wear panty liners."
d. All of the above
A 34-year-old patient was treated for a UTI and has not responded to antibiotic therapy.
Which of the following actions should be taken next?
a. Send a urine specimen for microscopy and evaluate for fungal colonies.
b. Increase the dose of antibiotic.
c. Order a cystoscopy.
d. Order a different antibiotic.
Which of the following are predisposing factors for
pyelonephritis?
a. Pregnancy
b. Dehydration
c. Smoking
d. Alkaline urine
A 42-year-old woman is seen in the clinic with fever, chills, vomiting, and
severe dysuria. She is diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. How should this
patient be managed?
a. 3-day course of oral antibiotics
b. Hospitalization
c. Encourage cranberry juice intake.
d. 6-week course of antibiotics
, Oral antibiotics may be prescribed in mild cases of acute pyelonephritis, characterized
by the absence of nausea and vomiting or signs of sepsis. First-line therapy includes
ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 500 mg two times daily for 7 days, or ciprofloxacin extended-
release (Cipro XR) 1,000 mg daily for 7 days, or levofloxacin (Levaquin) 750 mg daily
for 5 days.
Hospitalization may be indicated, depending on the patient's ability to maintain
adequate fluid intake and to tolerate oral antibiotics, along with the severity of the
symptoms and evidence of bacteremia. Hospitalization of patients who are pregnant,
vomiting, or dehydrated should be strongly considered. Likewise, the patient's degree of
systemic illness (bacteremia or urosepsis), age, history of chronic disease, or
nonadherence to therapy may lead to the assessment that hospitalization is necessary.
Ninety- five percent of patients demonstrate a good response within 48 hours to IV
antibiotic treatment and may be discharged on appropriate oral medication, once urine
culture and antibiotic sensitivity results are available and subsequent antimicrobial
therapy may be narrowed in spectrum.
A patient is seen with a sudden onset of flank pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting,
and diaphoresis. In addition to nephrolithiasis, which of the following should be added to
the list of differential diagnoses?
a. Pancreatitis
b. Peptic ulcer disease
c. Diverticulitis
d. All of the above
Which of the following instructions should be given to the patient with
nephrolithiasis?
a. Take ibuprofen, 600 mg every 8 hours.
b. Take Tums® for stomach upset.
c. Drink more black tea.
d. Increase intake of vegetables, like spinach.
Which of the following patients is at risk for developing urinary
tract cancer?
a. The 45-year-old woman who is 100 lbs overweight
b. The 78-year-old man who smokes three packs of cigarettes a day
c. The 84-year-old man who worked in the asbestos mines
d. All of the above
The effectiveness of benzodiazepines in treating anxiety disorders suggests that which
of the following neurotransmitters plays a role in anxiety?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
The criteria for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder in the American Psychiatric
Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (text
revision) state that excessive worry or apprehension must be present more days than
not for at least?
6 months
A 20-year-old woman is seen in the clinic because her boyfriend was found to have
gonorrhoea. Which of the following is the treatment of choice for gonorrhoea?
a. Ceftriaxone
b. Doxycycline
c. Acyclovir
d. Metronidazole
A patient is seen in the clinic with a chief complaint of haematuria. To make a
differential diagnosis, which of the following questions should be asked?
a. "Do you have a history of liver disease?"
b."What medications are you currently taking?"
c. "Have you noticed swelling in your ankles?"
d. All of the above
A patient is seen in the clinic with haematuria confirmed on microscopic examination.
The clinician should inquire about the ingestion of which of these substances that might
be the cause of haematuria?
a. NSAIDs
b. Beets
c. Vitamin A
,d. Red meat
NSAIDS
A 27-year-old female presents with a chief complaint of burning and pain on urination.
She has no previous history of urinary tract infection (UTI). What are some additional
symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of lower UTI?
a. Back and abdominal pain
b. Fever, chills, costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
c. Blood in urine and frequency
d. Foul-smelling discharge, perineal itch
A 30-year-old patient presents with pain on urination. The urine microscopy of unspun
urine shows greater than 10 leukocytes/mL, and a dipstick is positive for nitrites.
What is the probable diagnosis?
a. Lower urinary tract infection
b. Chlamydia infection
c. Candidiasis
d. Pyelonephritis
A patient presents with CVA tenderness and a several-day history of high fever, chills,
and dysuria. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely given the above
information?
a. Pyelonephritis
b. Cystitis
c. Renal calculi
d. Bladder tumour
A patient is diagnosed with urge incontinence. Before prescribing Detrol XL, the
provider should question the patient about which of these contraindications to this
medication?
a. Diarrhoea
b. Parkinson's disease
c. Closed-angle glaucoma
d. Breast cancer
,A patient is seen in the office complaining of severe flank pain. The clinician should
assess this patient for which risk factor for kidney stones?
a. Hypertension
b. Constipation
c. Tubal ligation
d. Diabetes
A patient is diagnosed with overactive bladder. Which of the following instructions
should be given to this woman?
a. "Limit the amount of water that you drink."
b. "Eliminate caffeine from your diet."
c. "Wear panty liners."
d. All of the above
A 34-year-old patient was treated for a UTI and has not responded to antibiotic therapy.
Which of the following actions should be taken next?
a. Send a urine specimen for microscopy and evaluate for fungal colonies.
b. Increase the dose of antibiotic.
c. Order a cystoscopy.
d. Order a different antibiotic.
Which of the following are predisposing factors for
pyelonephritis?
a. Pregnancy
b. Dehydration
c. Smoking
d. Alkaline urine
A 42-year-old woman is seen in the clinic with fever, chills, vomiting, and
severe dysuria. She is diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. How should this
patient be managed?
a. 3-day course of oral antibiotics
b. Hospitalization
c. Encourage cranberry juice intake.
d. 6-week course of antibiotics
, Oral antibiotics may be prescribed in mild cases of acute pyelonephritis, characterized
by the absence of nausea and vomiting or signs of sepsis. First-line therapy includes
ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 500 mg two times daily for 7 days, or ciprofloxacin extended-
release (Cipro XR) 1,000 mg daily for 7 days, or levofloxacin (Levaquin) 750 mg daily
for 5 days.
Hospitalization may be indicated, depending on the patient's ability to maintain
adequate fluid intake and to tolerate oral antibiotics, along with the severity of the
symptoms and evidence of bacteremia. Hospitalization of patients who are pregnant,
vomiting, or dehydrated should be strongly considered. Likewise, the patient's degree of
systemic illness (bacteremia or urosepsis), age, history of chronic disease, or
nonadherence to therapy may lead to the assessment that hospitalization is necessary.
Ninety- five percent of patients demonstrate a good response within 48 hours to IV
antibiotic treatment and may be discharged on appropriate oral medication, once urine
culture and antibiotic sensitivity results are available and subsequent antimicrobial
therapy may be narrowed in spectrum.
A patient is seen with a sudden onset of flank pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting,
and diaphoresis. In addition to nephrolithiasis, which of the following should be added to
the list of differential diagnoses?
a. Pancreatitis
b. Peptic ulcer disease
c. Diverticulitis
d. All of the above
Which of the following instructions should be given to the patient with
nephrolithiasis?
a. Take ibuprofen, 600 mg every 8 hours.
b. Take Tums® for stomach upset.
c. Drink more black tea.
d. Increase intake of vegetables, like spinach.
Which of the following patients is at risk for developing urinary
tract cancer?
a. The 45-year-old woman who is 100 lbs overweight
b. The 78-year-old man who smokes three packs of cigarettes a day
c. The 84-year-old man who worked in the asbestos mines
d. All of the above
