UPDATED HAZWOPER 40 - Lesson 3 – Toxicology SOLUTIONS 2023//2024

Chemicals in combination can produce different biological responses than the responses seen when exposure is to one chemical alone. True False - ANSWER True ________ is the most common route of exposure leading to a toxic dose in the work environment Injection Ingestion Inhalation Eye/Skin contact - ANSWER LD 50 of 25 mg/m3 means that a concentration of 25 mg/m3 of a certain substance indicates: 50 people out of a group of 80 exposed to a concentration 25 mg/m3 of a substance were shown to have experienced a fatal dose. 50% of the concentration of a substance cause fatality in those be exposed. A concentration of 25 mg/m3 of a substance is shown to have been fatal to 50 percent of a test group of animals. LD 50 is a fictitious term and does not indicate anything. - ANSWER A concentration of 25 mg/m3 of a substance is shown to have been fatal to 50 percent of a test group of animals. Factors affecting response to chemical exposure include: Toxicity Route of exposure Chemical dose All of the above - ANSWER All of the above ________ provide most of what we know about the dangerous effects of toxic substances. Epidemiological studies Animal studies Estimation studies Actual exposures to a chemical in the workplace - ANSWER Epidemiological studies Animal studies Example of chemical ________ are carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. Hepatoxins Hematoxins Asphyxiants Nephrotoxins - ANSWER Asphyxiants The ACGIH publication: ________ for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents, OSHA standard 29 CFR part 1910.1000, and other standards reference identify substances that can be readily absorbed through the skin, mucous membranes, and/or eyes by either airborne exposures or direct contact with a liquid. Threshold Limit Values HAZCOM Right-to-know SDS - ANSWER Threshold Limit Values Polyurethane foam, when burnt, gives off: Sulfuric acid Cyanide gas Ethane Phosphine - ANSWER Cyanide gas Animal studies provide most of what we know about the dangerous effects of toxic substances. Humans may react differently than animals exposed to toxic materials. False True - ANSWER True A(n) ________ is the airborne concentration of a material to which nearly all individuals may be repeatedly expose without adverse health effects. Chemical exposure Sensitizer threshold Exposure limit Irritant level - ANSWER Exposure limit When a chemical with no known toxic effects acts together with a known toxic substance to make the combined toxic substance even more potent, this is called ________ interaction. Additive Synergistic Potentiation Antagonism - ANSWER Potentiation An interaction between a hazardous chemical and a prescription drug being taken by worker is possible. True False - ANSWER True An instance where a chemical without any known toxic effect acts together with a known toxic substance to make the toxic substance even more potent and dangerous is known as: Antagonism effect Synergistic effect Potentiation effect Additive effect - ANSWER Syn What is an example of a form that a toxic substance may take? A solid or a liquid Only a liquid Only a solid A Concentration - ANSWER A solid or a liquid An example of a chronic response to chemical exposure is ________.