UPDATED Health Assessment HESI Exam Questions With Complete Solutions

Metabolic acidosis - ANSWER- low pH, low HCO3 Diarrhea Symptoms: kussmaul respirations metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER- high pH, high HCO3 Prolonged vomiting Symptoms: mostly neurologic Respiratory acidosis - ANSWER- low pH, high CO2 hypoventilation Respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER- high pH, low CO2 Hyperventilation Aspirin overdose S1 - ANSWER- Sound caused by turbulence created when the mitral and tricuspid valve close Heard best at the apex S2 - ANSWER- Closure of the semilunar (aortic and pulmonary valves) Heard best at base Aortic - ANSWER- right 2nd intercostal space Pulmonic - ANSWER- left 2nd intercostal space Tricuspid - ANSWER- Lower left sternal border 4th intercostal space Erbs point - ANSWER- left 3rd intercostal space Mitral - ANSWER- left 5th intercostal, medial to midclavicular line APTEM - ANSWER- Aortic Pulmonic Tricuspid Erbs point Mitral S3 - ANSWER- occurs just after S2 when the mitral valves open, allowing passive filling of the left ventricle Only heard with the bell and best at the apex Normal finding in young people and athletes Older individuals indicates the presence of congestive heart failure S4 - ANSWER- occurs just before S1 Can be an important sign of diastolic heart failure or active ischemia Best heard at the apex with the bell Hypervolemia - ANSWER- fluid overload, is the medical condition where there is too much fluid in the blood Bruit - ANSWER- audible vascular sound associated with turbulent blood flow Thrill - ANSWER- vibratory sensation felt on the skin overlying an area of turbulence and indicates a loud heart murmur usually caused by an incompetent heart valve Sinus rhythm - ANSWER- P, QRS, and T wave atrial fibriliation - ANSWER- Irregular and often rapid heart rate that occurs when the two upper chambers of your heart experience chaotic electrical signals ventricular fibrillation - ANSWER- Heart rhythm problem that occurs when the heart beats with rapid, erratic electrical impulses Ventricular tachycardia - ANSWER- a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles 3 or more heartbeats in a row, as a rate of more than 100 beats a minute Ortolani test - ANSWER- To detect hip dislocation or subluxation positive sign is noted if the hip is dislocated by a characteristic "clunk" that is felt as the femoral head slides over the posterior rim Romberg test - ANSWER- Test of the body's sense of positioning, which requires healthy functioning or the dorsal columns Positive = when the patient sways and loses balance with eyes closed Negative = a stable, well-balancing patient with their eyes either open or closed Allen Test - ANSWER- Use to find out if the blood flow to your hand is normal Positive = the hand flushes within 5-15 seconds, it indicates that the ulnar artery has good blood flow; normal Negative = the hand does not flush within 5-15 seconds. Indicates that ulnar circulation is inadequate or nonexistent Babinski reflex - ANSWER- occurs after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked. The big toe then moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot. The other toes fan out. Present or absent Tactile fremitus - ANSWER- palpable vibration Which is used as an indirect measure of the amount of air and density of tissue present within the lungs Tympany - ANSWER- A loud, high-pitched, drum-like tone of medium duration characteristic of an organ that is filled with air Dull - ANSWER- Soft to moderate, medium pitch, thud-like, Ex. liver or full-bladder Resonance - ANSWER- Moderate to loud, low pitch, hollow quality Ex. normal lung Hyper-resonance - ANSWER- Very loud, low pitch, booming quality Ex. Hyper-inflated lung Flatness - ANSWER- Soft, high-pitched, dull sound Ex. Muscle, bone, joints, mass Tracheal breath sounds - ANSWER- Hollow, nonmuscical, inspiration/expiration Ex. Consolidation or compressed lung (pneumonia, tumor, atelectasis) Wheeze - ANSWER- Musical, high-pitched Ex. Upper airway obstruction Asthma Rhonchi - ANSWER- Musical and low-pitched Ex. Airway narrowing by mucous thickening, edema, or bronchospasm Fine crackles - ANSWER- Short, explosive, non-musical, mid to late inspiration Ex. heard in lung disease, congestive heart failure, fibrosis, pneumonia Coarse crackles - ANSWER- Short, explosive, non-musical, early inspiration, throughout expiration Ex. indicates intermittent airway opening in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Stridor - ANSWER- Musical, high-pitched, audible to unaided ear Ex. Upper airway obstruction, extra-thoracic in inspiration, intra-thoracic in expiration, fixed lesions biphasic