Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing, 6th
Edition Question and Answer 2023/2024
You are a nurse researcher interviewing senior oncology nurses, asking them to
describe how they deal with the loss of a patient. The analysis of the interviews yields
common themes describing the nurses' grief. This is an example of which type of study?
- ANSWER Qualitative study.
(A qualitative study involves inductive reasoning to develop generalizations or theories
from specific observations or interviews. Historical research establishes facts and
relationships concerning past events. Correlational research is exploration of the
interrelationships among variables of interest without any intervention by the researcher.
An experimental study involves the use of tightly controlled subject groups, variables,
and procedures to eliminate bias and ensure that findings can be generalized to similar
groups of subjects.)
An operating room nurse is talking with colleagues during a meeting. She asks, "I
wonder if we would see fewer wound infections if we used chlorhexidine instead of
povidone-iodine to clean the skin of our surgical patients? What does the P represent in
this example of a PICOT question? - ANSWER Surgical patients.
(Surgical patients are the patient population of interest (P) in the PICOT (patient
population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time) question. The intervention is the
cleaning of the skin, and the comparison of interest is between chlorhexidine use and
povidone-iodine use. Operating room nurses are not an element of the PICOT
question.)
A nurse researcher is designing an exercise study that involves 100 patients who attend
a wellness clinic. As the patients come to the clinic, each has a choice as to whether he
or she wants to be in the new exercise program or remain in the traditional program.
The nurse plans to measure the patients' self-report of exercise before and 6 months
after the program begins. What factor might influence the results of this study in an
unfavorable way? - ANSWER Sampling method.
(Because the patients at the clinic are allowed their choice of the traditional versus the
new exercise program, the sampling in this study is not random sampling.)
The foundation of research is which of the following? - ANSWER Scientific method.
(The scientific method is the foundation of research and is the most reliable and
objective of all methods of obtaining knowledge. Documentation, critical thinking, and
evidence are not the foundations of research.)
, A researcher gives a subject full and complete information about the purpose of a study.
This is an example of which of the following? - ANSWER Informed consent.
(Informed consent implies that the research subjects are given full and complete
information about the purpose of the study, procedures, data collection, potential harms
and benefits, and alternative methods of treatment. Confidentiality rules guarantee that
any information the subject provides will not be reported to people outside the research
team. Bias is any personal opinion or judgement that may be interjected into the results.
Anonymity means that the subject's name and identifying information would not be
disclosed during the research study.)
A new nurse on an orthopedic unit is assigned to care for a patient undergoing skeletal
traction. The nurse asks a colleague, "What is the best practice for cleaning pin sites in
skeletal traction?" This question is an example of which of the following? - ANSWER
Knowledge-focused trigger.
(A knowledge-focused trigger is a question regarding new information available on a
topic. A problem-focused trigger is one faced while the nurse is caring for a patient or
noting a trend. The PICOT (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time) format
is a way to phrase a question to help clarify the question and the parts. A hypothesis is
a prediction about the relationship between study variables.)
The nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of pressure injuries
developing in their patients. The nurses decide to initiate a quality improvement project
with the plan, do, study, act (PDSA) model. Which of the following is an example of the
"do" step of that model? - ANSWER Implement a new skin care protocol on all medical
units.
(The "do" step consists of selecting an intervention on the basis of a data review,
implementing the change, and studying the results of the change. The "plan" step
includes reviewing the available data to understand existing practice conditions or
problems to identify the need for change. The results of the change are evaluated in the
"study" step. The "act" step is the incorporation of the findings into current practice.)
The nurse researcher obtains informed consent from participants in a study primarily for
which reason? - ANSWER To ensure that the study subjects understand their roles in
the study.
(The conduct of research must meet ethical standards in which the rights of human
subjects are protected. The research participants must be told about the study's
purpose and procedure and their roles in the study. The researcher is always legally
responsible for his or her actions. Control of variables is related to the study design, not
to informed consent. Confidentiality is part of the ethical nature of research but is not the
focus of informed consent.)
Edition Question and Answer 2023/2024
You are a nurse researcher interviewing senior oncology nurses, asking them to
describe how they deal with the loss of a patient. The analysis of the interviews yields
common themes describing the nurses' grief. This is an example of which type of study?
- ANSWER Qualitative study.
(A qualitative study involves inductive reasoning to develop generalizations or theories
from specific observations or interviews. Historical research establishes facts and
relationships concerning past events. Correlational research is exploration of the
interrelationships among variables of interest without any intervention by the researcher.
An experimental study involves the use of tightly controlled subject groups, variables,
and procedures to eliminate bias and ensure that findings can be generalized to similar
groups of subjects.)
An operating room nurse is talking with colleagues during a meeting. She asks, "I
wonder if we would see fewer wound infections if we used chlorhexidine instead of
povidone-iodine to clean the skin of our surgical patients? What does the P represent in
this example of a PICOT question? - ANSWER Surgical patients.
(Surgical patients are the patient population of interest (P) in the PICOT (patient
population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time) question. The intervention is the
cleaning of the skin, and the comparison of interest is between chlorhexidine use and
povidone-iodine use. Operating room nurses are not an element of the PICOT
question.)
A nurse researcher is designing an exercise study that involves 100 patients who attend
a wellness clinic. As the patients come to the clinic, each has a choice as to whether he
or she wants to be in the new exercise program or remain in the traditional program.
The nurse plans to measure the patients' self-report of exercise before and 6 months
after the program begins. What factor might influence the results of this study in an
unfavorable way? - ANSWER Sampling method.
(Because the patients at the clinic are allowed their choice of the traditional versus the
new exercise program, the sampling in this study is not random sampling.)
The foundation of research is which of the following? - ANSWER Scientific method.
(The scientific method is the foundation of research and is the most reliable and
objective of all methods of obtaining knowledge. Documentation, critical thinking, and
evidence are not the foundations of research.)
, A researcher gives a subject full and complete information about the purpose of a study.
This is an example of which of the following? - ANSWER Informed consent.
(Informed consent implies that the research subjects are given full and complete
information about the purpose of the study, procedures, data collection, potential harms
and benefits, and alternative methods of treatment. Confidentiality rules guarantee that
any information the subject provides will not be reported to people outside the research
team. Bias is any personal opinion or judgement that may be interjected into the results.
Anonymity means that the subject's name and identifying information would not be
disclosed during the research study.)
A new nurse on an orthopedic unit is assigned to care for a patient undergoing skeletal
traction. The nurse asks a colleague, "What is the best practice for cleaning pin sites in
skeletal traction?" This question is an example of which of the following? - ANSWER
Knowledge-focused trigger.
(A knowledge-focused trigger is a question regarding new information available on a
topic. A problem-focused trigger is one faced while the nurse is caring for a patient or
noting a trend. The PICOT (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time) format
is a way to phrase a question to help clarify the question and the parts. A hypothesis is
a prediction about the relationship between study variables.)
The nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of pressure injuries
developing in their patients. The nurses decide to initiate a quality improvement project
with the plan, do, study, act (PDSA) model. Which of the following is an example of the
"do" step of that model? - ANSWER Implement a new skin care protocol on all medical
units.
(The "do" step consists of selecting an intervention on the basis of a data review,
implementing the change, and studying the results of the change. The "plan" step
includes reviewing the available data to understand existing practice conditions or
problems to identify the need for change. The results of the change are evaluated in the
"study" step. The "act" step is the incorporation of the findings into current practice.)
The nurse researcher obtains informed consent from participants in a study primarily for
which reason? - ANSWER To ensure that the study subjects understand their roles in
the study.
(The conduct of research must meet ethical standards in which the rights of human
subjects are protected. The research participants must be told about the study's
purpose and procedure and their roles in the study. The researcher is always legally
responsible for his or her actions. Control of variables is related to the study design, not
to informed consent. Confidentiality is part of the ethical nature of research but is not the
focus of informed consent.)
