Electrolytes and water balance

Electrolyte &
Hater Balance


Regulation of sodium lnlater Balance & :




• The
major regulatory factors the hormones are ( Aldosterone ,




ADH ) and the
Renin -




angiotensin system .




Aldosterone
-
-




o secreted
by Zona
glomeruli sa
of Adrenal Cortese .




.

Regulates Nat -
Kt
exchange and Nat → Ht
exchange .




°


Major role in sodium Retention .




ADI ( Anti diuretic Hormone )


Osmolality of Plasma A

t.


Osmo receptors y Hypothalamus are stimulated
t .



Posterior
ADH secretion via
Pituitary
°
ADH increases water reabsorption by Renal Tubules .




When inhibited
•
osmo
lily a. .
ADH secretion in .




Renin Angiotensin System
-




volume plasma flow
When there in
fall in ECF .
renal a,


this results in the release 9 Renin by Iq cells .




°
Factors affecting Renin release
Decreased blood
( as
pressure
(b , salt depletion cc ,
Prostaglandins .

, • Factors
inhibiting Renin Release Release , Renin

(a) Increased BP
Angiotensin og
en →
Angiotensin I

cb , salt intake face
Inhibitors Angiotensin I
←
Prostaglandin
di
Angiotensin
-
I Vasotaon striction
stimulates Aldosterone
see
I
.




IN Ma Abs on Him

A whaler Retention
A Btood volume

⑥
vtnous Return


Clinical Features
of Electrolyte Imbalance :




Hyponatremia hand
in
Hypo -




osmolality a ( Nat a. I
go in hand

a Hypo -




osmolality swelling of
causes Cells ,
and
hype
causes
dehydration .




(3) Hyponatremia of ECF causes
symptoms only when
associated with hyperkalemia .




( 41
Fatigue & Muscle Cramps are common
symptoms of
Electrolyte depletion .




(5) Hypo -




osmolality of GI cells causes nausea ,
vomiting
and paralytic item -