Clayton's Basic Pharmacology For Nurses Exam With Complete Solutions 2024

Clayton's Basic Pharmacology For Nurses Exam With Complete Solutions 2024 Anti-Diarrheals Mode of action - correct answer-Reduce fluid content of the stool and decrease the peristalsis and motility of the intestinal tract Anti-Diarrheals Side Effects - correct answer-Abdominal pain constipation dizziness, nausea and vomiting bismuth subsalicylate (what is it? brand name/considerations) - correct answer-Pepto-Bismol Contains salicylates (Reyes syndrome) temporary darkening of stool Diphenoxylate and atropine sulfate - correct answer-Lomotil (Anti-Diarrheal) loperamide - correct answer-Imodium (Anti-Diarrheal) Kaolin and pectin - correct answer-Colace (Anti-Diarrheal) What are the 3 general types of laxatives (common side effects) - correct answer-Bulk-forming agents Hyperosmolar or Saline solutions Stimulant or irritant laxatives Side effects: Nausea/vomiting/obstruction/hypersensitivity/cramping/diarrhea/electrolytes Bulk Forming laxatives (action/side effects) - correct answer-absorb water and expand increase bulk and moisture which increases peristalsis and softens stool Not within 2 hours of other meds Psyllium seed - correct answer-Metamucil (Bulk-forming laxative) methylcellulose - correct answer-Citrucel (Bulk-forming laxative) hyperosmolar laxatives (action/side effects/contraindication) - correct answer-draw water into bowel promoting peristalsis rapid. major dehydration possible Avoid impaired kidney function, congestive heart failure and high blood pressure Lactulose - correct answer-(hyperosmotic laxative) decreases ammonia levels in patients with liver problems Magnesium citrate - correct answer-(hyperosmotic laxative) Milk of magnesia Sodium salts - correct answer-(hyperosmotic laxative) Fleet enema Stimulant or irritant laxatives (when to use/side effects) - correct answer-prolonged bed rest poor diet constipation due to other drugs bowel prep (quick) Side effects: Muscle weekness, cramps, diarrhea, nausea vomiting, electrolyte imbalance bisacodyl - correct answer-Dulcolax (Stimulant laxative) cascara sagrada - correct answer-(Stimulant laxative) Senna - correct answer-(Stimulant laxative) Senokot, Ex-Lax Lubricant laxative (action/side effects) - correct answer-Create a barrier between feces and colon prevents water absorption/softens stool Side Effects: cramps/vomiting/decreased absorption of nutrients, diarrhea, and nausea castor oil - correct answer-lubricant laxative Stool Softener (mode of action/when used) - correct answer-Lower surface tension, moisture pulled in avoid straining (hernia/surgery/postpartum/cardiovascular disease) docusate sodium - correct answer-Colace (stool softener) What 3 groups of medicine help with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) - correct answer-Antacids H2-Receptor Blockers Proton Pump Inhibitors Antacids (Action/Adverse reactions) - correct answer-neutralized Hydrochloric acid/inhibit pepsin diarrhea/burping/bowel obstruction/constipation/hyper-magnesium Antacids (when, nursing action, considerations) - correct answer-1 hour after meals/between meals, not within 1 hr medicine promote fluid intake, chew thoroughly High Na, CHF, pregnancy/renal failure/edema/hypertension/cardiac issues