Advanced Pharmacology Exam 1 With Complete Solutions 2024

Advanced Pharmacology Exam 1 With Complete Solutions 2024 Prescription writing: required pt and prescriber info - correct answer-Patient's name and full address Date of prescription Prescriber's full name, address, and phone number Prescriber's DEA # if controlled substance Prescription writing: required drug info - correct answer-Name (don't abbreviate) Strength and vehicle Dosage Route of administration Directions (Sig) for taking the med: frequency, timing, details specific to drug Amount to be dispensed Refills Critical Rx Information? - correct answer-DAW vs generic, refill #, dose form, length of therapy/quantity, pt Ax, date of Rx, route, signature, DEA # "Rational" Prescribing Process, WHO - correct answer-Choose a rational treatment Selection of P-drugs (Personal drugs) Treating the pt (select, Rx, monitor) Keeping up-to-date What are P-drugs? - correct answer-P(ersonal) drugs - those that you are going to prescribe regularly and with which you become familiar Steps of Rational Prescribing - correct answer-Define the pt's problem Specify the therapeutic objective Choose Tx Verify: efficacy, safety, suitability, cost Start Tx (write a clear Rx) Educate! Give inform instructions, warnings Monitor treatment What is DAW in prescribing? - correct answer-Dispense as written "Rights" of a prescription - correct answer-Patient Medication Dose Route Dose schedule Does this make sense for this drug, patient, situation? Pharmacokinetics - correct answer-How the body affects a drug Pharmacodynamics - correct answer-How a drug affects the body - effects that occur at the cellular and systemic levels Pharmacogenomics - correct answer-General study of how one's individual genetic variation affects drug behavior Four components of pharmacokinetics - correct answer-ADME - absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion Absorption - correct answer-How (well) does the body uptake the drug? Distribution - correct answer-Transportation of the drug to the site of action How (well) is the drug carried to the site of action? Elimination - correct answer-How (well) is the drug cleared from the body? All types of absorption are affected by... - correct answer-Drug properties (molecular weight, lipid solubility) pKa, drug formulation, disintegration time, dissolution rate) Enteral Absorption - GI tract - affected by? (4 things) - correct answer-Blood flow to area of absorption First pass effect Cellular membrane permeability (passive vs. active) GI motility (absence/presence of food in stomach, other drugs) Parenteral Absorption - affected by? (2 things) - correct answer-Blood flow to area of absorption Cell membrane permeability (passive vs. active transport) Bioavailability - correct answer-Percentage of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation Ex: IV route = 100% bioavailability First pass effect - correct answer-PO drug that is absorbed in the GI tract and metabolized via liver before reaching systemic circulation Distribution is dependent upon... (3 things) - correct answer-Route of administration Blood flow Solubility of drug (lipid/water) In what forms can the drug circulate? In what form can a drug affect the body? What is that dependent on? - correct answer-Can be free, bound to protein, or stored in tissue in equilibrium