Patho NAS Exam 3 Part 1 Quizzes & Ans.

Patho NAS Exam 3 Part 1 Quizzes & Ans. What is a common cause of hiatal hernia? Increased intra-abdominal pressure (pressure pushes stomach up) What does congenital pyloric stenosis involve? Hypertrophy of smooth muscle in the pylorus The early stage of vomiting causes: a. metabolic alkalosis b. metabolic acidosis c. increased respirations d. increased excretion of hydrogen ions c) metabolic alkalosis which of the following applies to hepatitis A infection? a) it contains a double strand of DNA b) it frequently leads to chronic hepatitis c) it is transmitted by the fecal-oral route d) it is also called serum hepatitis c) it is transmitted by the fecal-oral route During the course of a hepatitis B infection, the onset of jaundice occurs in the a) preicteric stage b) post icteric stage c) icteric stage d) incubation period c) icteric stage hepatitis a transmitted: fecal-oral acute infection prevention: vaccine treatment: management of symptoms hepatitis b blood to blood; sex chronic infection prevention: vaccine treatment: management of chronic infection hepatitis c blood to blood; sex chronic infection prevention: screening donor blood; harm reduction treatment/cure hepatitis d blood to blood; se; only occurs when HBV is present chronic infection prevention vaccine no approved treatments hepatitis e fecal-oral; contaminated food/water genotype 3 only prevention ensure safe drinking water; don't eat undercooked pork/shellfish treatment is management of symptoms what is the primary cause of esophageal varices? Increased hydrostatic pressure in the veins what are typical changes occurring with Crohn's disease? inflamed areas of the wall of the ileum alternating with thick fibrotic or normal areas (skip lesions) Stools that are more liquid and contain mucus and frank blood are typical of: ulcerative colitis steatorrhea fat in the feces; celiac disease how does iron deficiency anemia frequently develop with ulcerative colitis? chronic blood loss in stools What usually initiates acute appendicitis? a. infection in the appendix b. an episode of severe diarrhea c. obstruction of the lumen of the appendix d. eating a low-fiber diet c) obstruction of the lumen of the appendix how does localized peritonitis develop from acute appendicitis before a rupture? intestinal bacterial escape through the necrotic appendiceal wall peritonial cavity opening between the two membranes in the abdomen Although many factors may precipitate pancreatitis, the two major causes are: gallstones and alcohol abuse What causes massive inflammation and necrosis in acute pancreatitis? autodigestion of tissue by pancreatic enzymes gastroesophageal reflux disease involves periodic flow of gastric contents into the esophagus The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease may involve any of the following except a) increased stimulation of pepsin and acid secretions b) infection by H. pylori c) decreased resistance of the mucosal barrier d) increased stimulation of mucus-producing glands d) increased stimulation of mucus-producing glands peptic ulcer disease A break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum caused by h. pylori infection/NSAIDS Which of the following actions causes the atrioventricular (AV) valves to close? a. depolarization at the AV nodes B) increased intraventricular pressure c) ventricular relaxation and backflow of blood c) contraction of the atria increased intraventricular pressure Conduction of the heart SA node, AV node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers