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questions about general surgery

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it's well-written notes about general surgery for medical students

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‫‪th‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪year‬‬




‫قال رسول اهلل‪‬‬
‫ث‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ن‬
‫" إذا مات ابن آدم ا ع عمله إال من الث‬
‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬‫ي‬ ‫ل‬‫ع‬
‫دقة جارية أو م ع يه أو ولد صالح ثدعو له "‬

‫>> ال ينسوثا من صالح دعاثكم <<‬

, General

 Stages “phases” of Wound healing

1. Hemostasis & inflammation phase "5 days"
aggregation of platelets → coagulation cascade
macrophages→ phagocytosis, activation of fibroblast & endothelial

2. Proliferation phase
Proliferation → "Fibroblast, endothelial cells, epithelial cells"

3. Maturation & Remodeling phase
deposition of collagen III then, collagen I 
Remolding continues for about one year




 Types of Wound healing

1ry intention:
• clean incised wounds → closed immediately
• Minimal fibrosis → nice scar

2ry intention:

,  Factors affecting wound healing




Age "Elder"
General Nutrition " nutrient important for healing"
🔘 Protein → Collagen synthesis
🔘 Vit C → Maturation of Proto-Collagen
🔘 Vit A → Epithelization
🔘 Calcium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese

Debilitating diseases “Uremia, Diabetes, C
Drug intake “Steroids, chemotherapy”
Irradiation “  Granulation tissue, ischemia d.t En


Vascularity
Local Immobilization
 Tension "cause ischemia"
Infection "compete for O2 , secrete collagenase"

Foreign bodies & necrotic tissues
Adhesion of wound to a bony surface " w
Impaired Venous drainage



 Complications of Healing:

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