ATI MED-SURG REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2023
LATEST// GRADED A+
A nurse is caring for a client who has nephrotic syndrome and has been taking prednisone for 3
days. which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider as an adverse effect
of prednisone?
A: sore throat
Glucocorticoids depress the immune system and increase the client's risk for infection. The nurse
should recognize a sore throat as an indication of infection and report this finding to the provider.
A nurse is planning education about cyclosporine for a client who had a kidney transplant 2 days
ago. which of the following statements should the nurse plan to include?
A; "you will need to continue taking this medication to protect your new kidneys"
The client must take cyclosporine daily for the life of the transplanted organ.
A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic kidney disease and has completed the third
peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. which of the following findings should the nurse report to the
provider?
A: cloudy dialysate effluent
Cloudy or opaque drainage is an early manifestation of peritonitis. The nurse should notify the
provider immediately because infection can be a life-threatening complication.
A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who has end-stage kidney disease. the nurse
should identify that which of the following factors in the client's history is a contraindication for
receiving hemodialysis. A: history of hemophilia
The nurse should identify that a history of a major bleeding disorder is a contraindication for
hemodialysis. A client who has hemophilia bleeds excessively following minor breaks in the skin
and is at high risk for extreme blood loss during hemodialysis treatment.
A nurse is planning care for a client who has chronic kidney disease and a potassium level of 7.3
mEq/L. which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to take?
A: infuse regular insulin in dextrose 10% in water
The nurses should infuse regular insulin in dextrose 10% to 20% in water to a client who has
hyperkalemia. The administration of insulin will drive the potassium from the extracellular fluid
into the intracellular fluid to decrease the serum potassium level. The dextrose in the solution
will counter the insulin to prevent hypoglycemia from occurring.
A nurse is obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity for a client who has
manifestations of a urinary tract infection. which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A: instruct the client to start urinating then pass the container into the stream
The nurse should instruct the client to start urinating, then pass the container into the stream,
and collect 30 to 60 mL of urine in the container.
A nurse is providing instructions for reducing the dietary intake of potassium to a client who has
chronic kidney disease. which of the following client food selections indicates an understanding
of the teaching?
, A: one large raw apple
Of these options, one large apple is the lowest in potassium, containing 239 mg per serving. The
nurse should instruct the client that there are foods from each of the food groups that are low in
potassium and can be consumed, such as bread, eggs, butter, and green beans. Learning how to
read nutrition labels will assist the client in making choices that meet dietary restrictions.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD).
which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A: "i will decrease my intake of foods that are high in phosphorus."
A client who has CKD should limit their intake of foods that are high in phosphorus to prevent
bone damage.
A nurse is teaching a client who has urge urinary incontinence about bladder retraining. which of
the following instructions should the nurse include?
A: "increase the intervals between urination by 15 minutes per day when able to remain
continent"
The nurse should instruct the client to increase the length of time between urination by 15 min
per day when able to remain continent. The goal is to have 3- to 4-hr intervals between
urination.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. which of the following
instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A: avoid the use of NSAIDs for pain
The nurse should instruct the client to avoid the use of NSAIDs for pain because they can further
damage the kidney, causing papillary necrosis and reflux.
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who reports costovertebral angle
tenderness, nausea, and vomiting. which of the following laboratory values should the nurse
report to the provider?
A: WBC count 15,000/mm3
The WBC count is above the expected reference range and indicates the presence of an infection.
The nurse should report this finding and the client's manifestations to the provider as an
indication of pyelonephritis.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous bladder irrigation following a
transurethral resection of the prostate. upon detecting an output obstruction, which of the
following actions should the nurse take first?
A: check the irrigation tubing for kinks
The first action the nurse should take when using the nursing process is to assess the irrigation
tubing for kinking or clots because these can prevent the outflow of fluids.
A nurse is reviewing laboratory report of a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). which
of the following findings should the nurse expect? A: BUN 30 mg/dL
A BUN level above the expected reference range of 10 to 20 mg/dL is an expected finding of
AKI.
A: output 40 mL in the past 3 hr
The client's urine output indicates oliguria. The degree of oliguria varies with the stage of AKI.
For the injury stage, the criterion is less than 0.5 mL/kg for 12 or more hr.
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2023
LATEST// GRADED A+
A nurse is caring for a client who has nephrotic syndrome and has been taking prednisone for 3
days. which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider as an adverse effect
of prednisone?
A: sore throat
Glucocorticoids depress the immune system and increase the client's risk for infection. The nurse
should recognize a sore throat as an indication of infection and report this finding to the provider.
A nurse is planning education about cyclosporine for a client who had a kidney transplant 2 days
ago. which of the following statements should the nurse plan to include?
A; "you will need to continue taking this medication to protect your new kidneys"
The client must take cyclosporine daily for the life of the transplanted organ.
A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic kidney disease and has completed the third
peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. which of the following findings should the nurse report to the
provider?
A: cloudy dialysate effluent
Cloudy or opaque drainage is an early manifestation of peritonitis. The nurse should notify the
provider immediately because infection can be a life-threatening complication.
A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who has end-stage kidney disease. the nurse
should identify that which of the following factors in the client's history is a contraindication for
receiving hemodialysis. A: history of hemophilia
The nurse should identify that a history of a major bleeding disorder is a contraindication for
hemodialysis. A client who has hemophilia bleeds excessively following minor breaks in the skin
and is at high risk for extreme blood loss during hemodialysis treatment.
A nurse is planning care for a client who has chronic kidney disease and a potassium level of 7.3
mEq/L. which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to take?
A: infuse regular insulin in dextrose 10% in water
The nurses should infuse regular insulin in dextrose 10% to 20% in water to a client who has
hyperkalemia. The administration of insulin will drive the potassium from the extracellular fluid
into the intracellular fluid to decrease the serum potassium level. The dextrose in the solution
will counter the insulin to prevent hypoglycemia from occurring.
A nurse is obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity for a client who has
manifestations of a urinary tract infection. which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A: instruct the client to start urinating then pass the container into the stream
The nurse should instruct the client to start urinating, then pass the container into the stream,
and collect 30 to 60 mL of urine in the container.
A nurse is providing instructions for reducing the dietary intake of potassium to a client who has
chronic kidney disease. which of the following client food selections indicates an understanding
of the teaching?
, A: one large raw apple
Of these options, one large apple is the lowest in potassium, containing 239 mg per serving. The
nurse should instruct the client that there are foods from each of the food groups that are low in
potassium and can be consumed, such as bread, eggs, butter, and green beans. Learning how to
read nutrition labels will assist the client in making choices that meet dietary restrictions.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD).
which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A: "i will decrease my intake of foods that are high in phosphorus."
A client who has CKD should limit their intake of foods that are high in phosphorus to prevent
bone damage.
A nurse is teaching a client who has urge urinary incontinence about bladder retraining. which of
the following instructions should the nurse include?
A: "increase the intervals between urination by 15 minutes per day when able to remain
continent"
The nurse should instruct the client to increase the length of time between urination by 15 min
per day when able to remain continent. The goal is to have 3- to 4-hr intervals between
urination.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. which of the following
instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A: avoid the use of NSAIDs for pain
The nurse should instruct the client to avoid the use of NSAIDs for pain because they can further
damage the kidney, causing papillary necrosis and reflux.
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who reports costovertebral angle
tenderness, nausea, and vomiting. which of the following laboratory values should the nurse
report to the provider?
A: WBC count 15,000/mm3
The WBC count is above the expected reference range and indicates the presence of an infection.
The nurse should report this finding and the client's manifestations to the provider as an
indication of pyelonephritis.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous bladder irrigation following a
transurethral resection of the prostate. upon detecting an output obstruction, which of the
following actions should the nurse take first?
A: check the irrigation tubing for kinks
The first action the nurse should take when using the nursing process is to assess the irrigation
tubing for kinking or clots because these can prevent the outflow of fluids.
A nurse is reviewing laboratory report of a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). which
of the following findings should the nurse expect? A: BUN 30 mg/dL
A BUN level above the expected reference range of 10 to 20 mg/dL is an expected finding of
AKI.
A: output 40 mL in the past 3 hr
The client's urine output indicates oliguria. The degree of oliguria varies with the stage of AKI.
For the injury stage, the criterion is less than 0.5 mL/kg for 12 or more hr.
