Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11th Ed. Chapter 12: Neurocognitive

Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11th Ed. Chapter 12: Neurocognitive D/o Latest Quiz and answer 2023/2024 What are the 6 Cognitive Domains? (DSM5, p 593-595) - ANSWER Complex attention, Executive function, Learning and memory, Language, Perceptual motor and social cognition This Neurocognitive disorder is marked by short-term confusion and cognition (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANSWER Delirium What are the 4 subcategories of Delirium based on etiology? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANSWER (1) General Medical Condition, (2) Substance Induced, (3) Multiple Causes, and (4) Other or multiple etiologies This Neurocognitive disorder is marked by severe impairment in memory, judgement, orientation and cognition (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANSWER Dementia Major Neurocognitive disorders caused by medical conditions are classified in DSM5 as what? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANSWER Amnestic disorders Prevalence of moderate to severe dementia in the general population 65 years and older (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 704) - ANSWER 5% Prevalence of moderate to severe dementia in the general population older than 85 in outpatient practices (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 704) - ANSWER 15-20% Most common type of dementia? - ANSWER Alzheimer's dementia (AD) Prevalence of Alzheimer's dementia among all patients with dementia? - ANSWER 50-60% Second most common type of Dementia? - ANSWER Vascular Dementia Prevalence of Vascular dementia among all patients with dementia? - ANSWER 15-30% Prevalence of co-existing vascular and Alzheimer's dementia? - ANSWER 10-15% Top 3 Dementias in general population older than 65? - ANSWER (1) Alzheimer's Dementia, (2) Vascular Dementia (3) Mixed Vascular and Alzheimer's Dementia German psychiatrist who first described the condition that is marked by progressive memory loss most commonly seen in patient's older than 65 years of age - ANSWER Alois Alzheimer in year 1907 Pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's type of Dementia - ANSWER Amyloid deposits What are the 6 Cognitive Domains? (DSM5, p 593-595) - ANSWER Complex attention, Executive function, Learning and memory, Language, Perceptual motor and social cognition This Neurocognitive disorder is marked by short-term confusion and cognition (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANSWER Delirium What are the 4 subcategories of Delirium based on etiology? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANSWER (1) General Medical Condition, (2) Substance Induced, (3) Multiple Causes, and (4) Other or multiple etiologies This Neurocognitive disorder is marked by severe impairment in memory, judgement, orientation and cognition (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANSWER Dementia Major Neurocognitive disorders caused by medical conditions are classified in DSM5 as what? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p694) - ANSWER Amnestic disorders Prevalence of moderate to severe dementia in the general population 65 years and older (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 704) - ANSWER 5% Prevalence of moderate to severe dementia in the general population older than 85 in outpatient practices (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 704) - ANSWER 15-20% Most common type of dementia? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 705) - ANSWER Alzheimer's Dementia Prevalence of Alzheimer's dementia among all patients with dementia? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 704) - ANSWER 50-60% Second most common type of Dementia? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 704) - ANSWER Vascular Dementia Prevalence of Vascular dementia among all patients with dementia? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 705) - ANSWER 15-30% Prevalence of co-existing vascular and Alzheimer's dementia? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 705) - ANSWER 10-15% Top 3 Dementias in general population older than 65? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 705) - ANSWER (1) Alzheimer's Dementia, (2) Vascular Dementia (3) Mixed Vascular and Alzheimer's Dementia German psychiatrist who first described the condition that is marked by progressive memory loss most commonly seen in patient's older than 65 years of age (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 705) - ANSWER Alois Alzheimer in year 1907 Pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's type of Dementia (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 705) - ANSWER Amyloid deposits Among those with Alzheimer's type of Dementia, prevalence of those with a family history of Alzheimer's Dementia (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANSWER 40% Gene for Amyloid precursor protein is located on which chromosome? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANSWER Long arm of Chromosome 21 What is the major component of senile plaques? (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANSWER Beta A4 protein: 42-protein amino acid peptide Gene responsible for increased risk to develop Alzheimer's Dementia (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANSWER One copy E4 Gene - 3x Two copy E4 Gene - 8x" Classic gross neuroanatomical finding for Alzheimer's disease (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANSWER Diffuse atrophy with flatted cortical sulci and enlarged cerebral ventricles Classic microscopic findings for Alzheimer's disease (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANSWER Senile plaques, Neurofibrillary tangles, Neurolonal loss (cortex and hippocampus), synaptic loss (50% in the cortex) and granulovascular degenerations in neurons T/F Neurofibrillary tangles are pathognomonic to Alzheimer's disease (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANSWER False. Seen in other neurologic disorders Major neurotransmitters most often implicated in the pathophysiological condition of Alzheimer's disease (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANSWER Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine (Hypoactive) In Alzheimer's disease, there is specific degeneration of cholinergic neurons in this part of the brain (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANSWER Nucleus Basalis of Meynert In Alzheimer's disease, which part of the brain is said to have decrease in norepinephrine containing neurons (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANSWER Locus ceruleus Minor neurotransmitters most often implicated in the pathophysiological condition of Alzheimer's disease (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANSWER Somatostatin and Corticotropin Heavy metal toxicity associated with Alzheimer's Dementia (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANSWER Aluminum What is the recently discovered type of dementia that shares brain abnormality with Alzheimer's disease. Symptoms include short-term memory problems with difficulty maintaining balance and walking. Onset of this disease occurs in the 40s and 50s with an average life span of 11 years (Kaplan & Sadock Synopsis, p 706) - ANSWER Familial Multiple System Taupathy with Presenile Dementia