NR507 MIDTERM CHAMBERLAIN Verified Answers (Graded A+ )

NR507 MIDTERM CHAMBERLAIN Verified Answers (Graded A+ ) 1. Epigenetics - CORRECT ANSWERS heritable alterations that are not due to changes in DNA sequence 2. epigenetic modifications, or "tags," such as DNA methylation and histone modification - CORRECT ANSWERS alter DNA accessibility and chromatin structure, thereby regulating patterns of gene expression. histone modifications - CORRECT ANSWERS A histone modification is a covalent post-translational modification (PTM) to histone proteins which includes methylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, and sumoylation. The PTMs made to histones can impact gene expression by altering chromatin structure or recruiting histone modifiers. Histone proteins act to package DNA, which wraps around the eight histones, into chromosomes. Histone modifications act in diverse biological processes such as transcriptional activation/inactivation, chromosome packaging, and DNA damage/repair. Quantitative detection of various histone modifications would provide useful information for a better understanding of epigenetic regulation of cellular processes and the development of histone modifying enzyme-targeted drugs. 1. Prader-Willi syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS Prader-Willi syndrome is a complex genetic condition that affects many parts of the body. In infancy, this condition is characterized by weak muscle tone (hypotonia), feeding difficulties, poor growth, and delayed development. Beginning in childhood, affected individuals develop an insatiable appetite, which leads to chronic overeating (hyperphagia) and obesity. Some people with Prader-Willi syndrome, particularly those with obesity, also develop type 2 diabetes (the most common form of diabetes) 2. Angelman syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS Angelman syndrome is a complex genetic disorder that primarily affects the nervous system. Characteristic features of this condition include delayed development, intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, and problems with movement and balance (ataxia). Most affected children also have recurrent seizures (epilepsy) and a small head size (microcephaly). Delayed development becomes noticeable by the age of 6 to 12 months, and other common signs and symptoms usually appear in early childhood. 3. Prader-Willi Syndrome vs. Angelman syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are clinically distinct