MN551 Final Exam
A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe pain in his right eye after
swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye condition is corneal rather than a conjunctival
disease, which of the following would be the distinguishing symptom?
A.) Burning
B.) Itching
c.) photophobia
D.) Severe pain
Severe pain
A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered by her primary care provider to have a
hemoglobin A1C test for the first time. The woman states, "I don't see why you want to test my blood
cells when it's sugar that's the problem." What aspect of physiology will underlie the care provider's
response to the patient?
A.)The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over the life of
the cell.
B)Hemoglobin synthesis by the bone marrow is inversely proportionate to blood glucose levels, with low
A1C indicating hyperglycemia.
C)The high metabolic needs of red cells and their affinity for free glucose indicate the amount of glucose
that has been available over 6 to 12 weeks.
D)Insulin is a glucose receptor agonist on the hemoglobin molecule, and high glucose suggests low
insulin levels.
The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over the life of the
cell.
,A 30 year old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple effects that insulin has on
his metabolism. Which of the following physiological processes are actions of insulin?
Facilitating triglycerides from glucose in fat cells
A three-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes and her parents are currently
receiving education from the diabetes education nurse at the hospital where their daughter is receiving
treatment. How can the nurse best explain the etiology of their daughter's health problem to her
parents?
A.) Environmental and lifestyle factors are known to play a part in the fact that her pancreas secretes and
withholds insulin at the wrong times."
B.) "This tendency to produce insufficient amounts of insulin is likely something that she inherited."
C.) "It's not known exactly why your daughter has completely stopped making insulin, and treatment will
consist of your rigidly controlling her diet."
D.) "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in herpancreas
that produce insulin
"The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas
that produce insulin."
Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the role of hormones in the body?
A.) Some chemical substances can function as hormones or be integrated with the central and peripheral
nervous systems.
B)Hormones directly initiate many of the processes that contribute to homeostasis.
,C)Control of body processes is ensured by the fact that a single hormone can only exert one effect on
one specific system or tissue.
D)Each hormone that exists in the body is produced by only one specific endocrine gland.
Some chemical substances can function as either hormones or neurotransmitters.
What does a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate?
A.) Thyroid nodule
B.) Hyperthyroidism
C.) Myxedema
D.) Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Which of the following statements best captures the role of the adrenal cortex in maintaining
homeostasis?
Question 1 options:
A. Normal sexual function is dependent on adequate adrenal cortical function.
B. Redundant, secondary production of adrenal cortical hormones can compensate for the loss of the
adrenal glands.
C. The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
, D. The adrenal cortex is responsible for the production of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are
part of the sympathetic nervous system.
The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
A three-year-old girl has been diagnosed with amblyopia. Which of the following pathophysiologic
processes is most likely to underlie her health problem?
Question 2 options:
a. The child may have a neural pathway disorder
b. She may have been born with infantile cataracts
c. The girl may have chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
d. The child may have a congenital deficit of rods and/or cones
She may have been born with infantile cataracts
Which of the following statements best describes an aspect of the normal process of glucose
metabolism?
Question 3 options:
a. Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver.
b. Blood glucose levels are kept in a steady state by selective excretion and reuptake by the kidneys.
c. Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism circulates in the blood until it is taken up
to meet cellular needs.
A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe pain in his right eye after
swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye condition is corneal rather than a conjunctival
disease, which of the following would be the distinguishing symptom?
A.) Burning
B.) Itching
c.) photophobia
D.) Severe pain
Severe pain
A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered by her primary care provider to have a
hemoglobin A1C test for the first time. The woman states, "I don't see why you want to test my blood
cells when it's sugar that's the problem." What aspect of physiology will underlie the care provider's
response to the patient?
A.)The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over the life of
the cell.
B)Hemoglobin synthesis by the bone marrow is inversely proportionate to blood glucose levels, with low
A1C indicating hyperglycemia.
C)The high metabolic needs of red cells and their affinity for free glucose indicate the amount of glucose
that has been available over 6 to 12 weeks.
D)Insulin is a glucose receptor agonist on the hemoglobin molecule, and high glucose suggests low
insulin levels.
The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over the life of the
cell.
,A 30 year old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple effects that insulin has on
his metabolism. Which of the following physiological processes are actions of insulin?
Facilitating triglycerides from glucose in fat cells
A three-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes and her parents are currently
receiving education from the diabetes education nurse at the hospital where their daughter is receiving
treatment. How can the nurse best explain the etiology of their daughter's health problem to her
parents?
A.) Environmental and lifestyle factors are known to play a part in the fact that her pancreas secretes and
withholds insulin at the wrong times."
B.) "This tendency to produce insufficient amounts of insulin is likely something that she inherited."
C.) "It's not known exactly why your daughter has completely stopped making insulin, and treatment will
consist of your rigidly controlling her diet."
D.) "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in herpancreas
that produce insulin
"The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas
that produce insulin."
Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the role of hormones in the body?
A.) Some chemical substances can function as hormones or be integrated with the central and peripheral
nervous systems.
B)Hormones directly initiate many of the processes that contribute to homeostasis.
,C)Control of body processes is ensured by the fact that a single hormone can only exert one effect on
one specific system or tissue.
D)Each hormone that exists in the body is produced by only one specific endocrine gland.
Some chemical substances can function as either hormones or neurotransmitters.
What does a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate?
A.) Thyroid nodule
B.) Hyperthyroidism
C.) Myxedema
D.) Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Which of the following statements best captures the role of the adrenal cortex in maintaining
homeostasis?
Question 1 options:
A. Normal sexual function is dependent on adequate adrenal cortical function.
B. Redundant, secondary production of adrenal cortical hormones can compensate for the loss of the
adrenal glands.
C. The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
, D. The adrenal cortex is responsible for the production of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are
part of the sympathetic nervous system.
The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
A three-year-old girl has been diagnosed with amblyopia. Which of the following pathophysiologic
processes is most likely to underlie her health problem?
Question 2 options:
a. The child may have a neural pathway disorder
b. She may have been born with infantile cataracts
c. The girl may have chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
d. The child may have a congenital deficit of rods and/or cones
She may have been born with infantile cataracts
Which of the following statements best describes an aspect of the normal process of glucose
metabolism?
Question 3 options:
a. Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver.
b. Blood glucose levels are kept in a steady state by selective excretion and reuptake by the kidneys.
c. Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism circulates in the blood until it is taken up
to meet cellular needs.
