AP EURO STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS|
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
EXAM
Gorbachev Correct Answer: in power from 1985-1991; Secretary General of the Communist
party; Brezhnev's successor; launches glastnos and perestroika; signs INF with Reagan; wants to
democratize USSR
glastnos Correct Answer: means "openness"; Gorbachev's reform that got rid of censorship in
the Soviet Union
perestroika Correct Answer: means "middle way"; like Lenin's NEP; tried to ease Russia into a
capitalist system
Gorbachev's Reforms Correct Answer: 1) glastnos ('85)
2) perestroika ('85)
3) democracy and free elections ('87)
State Committee Correct Answer: formed during the hardliner coup in August; they arrested
Gorbachev while he was on vacation and try to take over Moscow; order tanks to fire on
parliament but the soldiers refuse; overthrown on Aug 21
Boris Yeltsin Correct Answer: President of Russian Republic (governor); becomes a hero when
he stands on top of a tank during the State Committee's invasion of Moscow; elected as the first
president of Russia; Shock Therapy Program
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States Correct Answer: ; a loose federation of former Soviet
territories after they were made independent by Yeltsin
Shock Therapy Program Correct Answer: Yeltsin's plan to thrust Russia into a capitalist
economy; takes away all price controls; inflation rises 800% between 1992 and 1994
, AP EURO STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS|
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
EXAM
Chechnya Correct Answer: Russian territory that declared independence in 1991; mostly
Muslim; Yeltsin sends in troops; become like terrorists, setting off bombs, war lasts until 1996
Lech Walesa Correct Answer: organized worker strikes in Poland; elected president of Poland in
1989; Communist party kicked out of Poland peacefully
Vaclav Havel Correct Answer: becomes president of Czechoslovakia after Communist govt
folds in 1989; poet
Czechoslovakia Correct Answer: site of first so-called Velvet Revolution in 1989; many protests
eventually lead to the govt folding and holding elections; Vaclav Havel becomes president
Erich Honecker Correct Answer: East German leader who refused to accept change;
Communist; seals off East Germany to keep people from getting into West Germany (no more
vacations); leads to massive protests; police side with protestors; Honecker thrown out of office
by Communist Party
Egon Krenz Correct Answer: elected by Communist Party to be the leader of E Germany after
Honecker is thrown out of office; opens borders and orders Berlin Wall to be opened; eventually
kicked out of power with the rest of Communist Party
Helmut Kohl Correct Answer: Chancellor of West Germany who assures the world that they
have nothing to fear from a unified Germany; oversees the integration of East and West
Germany
Problems with German Unification Correct Answer: 1) East was less industrialized and poorer
2) East Germans weren't used to working very hard
3) West Germany resented paying higher taxes to support East Germany
4) East Germans were jealous of West Germans because of their wealth
, AP EURO STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS|
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
EXAM
Velvet Revolutions Correct Answer: soft revolutions; communist governments replaced
peacefully; named after Czechoslovakia's revolution
Romania Correct Answer: NOT a Velvet Revolution; oppressive govt under Nicolae Ceausescu;
people protest and govt responds with crackdowns; hundreds killed; sparks more protests;
Ceausescu and wife try to flee but are caught and executed
Nicolae Ceausescu Correct Answer: communist dictator of Romania; killed in 1989 after trying
to flee with his wife
hardliners Correct Answer: traditionalists who wanted the USSR to go back to the way it used to
be under Stalin; ultra-conservative; attempt a coup in August 1991
100 Years War Correct Answer: 1337 - 1453 English King Edward III declared himself King of
France since his mother was Isabella of France; Joan of Arc franch on side of Charles VII; result:
increases power of French king , more unified France, pride
Early Renaissance Correct Answer: Late 1300s - 1494 Center of art and culture in Florence,
changed because Savonarola started a theocracy
High Renaissance Correct Answer: 1494 - 1520 Center in Rome
Late Renaissance Correct Answer: 1520 - 1600 Italians had bleak view of future, Italian
Renaissance coming to end, Rome sacked by Charles V, starts to shift North because of Italian
Wars, mannerism art
Mannerism Correct Answer: Art in Late Renaissance, clashing colors, confusing, elongated
limbs, tortuous, full of emotion, bizarre themes (Christianity, classical, and mythology all
, AP EURO STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS|
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
EXAM
combined)
Georgio Vasari Correct Answer: Sixteenth-century painter, architect, and writer
Used word "rebirth" to describe renaissance
Individualism Correct Answer: Born during Renaissance, as people sought to receive personal
credit for their achievements, opposed to medieval ideal of all glory to God
Italian City-States Correct Answer: Middle Ages - under control of Holy Roman Empire
Florence, Milan, Venice, papal states, Naples
Popolo Correct Answer: "the people", urban underclass in renaissance italy
Ciompi Revolt Correct Answer: 1378, in Florence, the Popolo expressed dissatisfaction with
political and economic order with violent struggle against government
Milan in Middle Ages Correct Answer: Land-locked, ruled by family of mercenary (condottiero)
named Sforza
Condottieri Correct Answer: Military leaders of mercenaries mercenary armies, and often took
political power once they had created the existing government
Florence and Venice government in Middle Ages Correct Answer: Republics, but few wealthy
families dominated
Medici Correct Answer: Wealth from banking, behind-the-scenes rulers of Florence
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
EXAM
Gorbachev Correct Answer: in power from 1985-1991; Secretary General of the Communist
party; Brezhnev's successor; launches glastnos and perestroika; signs INF with Reagan; wants to
democratize USSR
glastnos Correct Answer: means "openness"; Gorbachev's reform that got rid of censorship in
the Soviet Union
perestroika Correct Answer: means "middle way"; like Lenin's NEP; tried to ease Russia into a
capitalist system
Gorbachev's Reforms Correct Answer: 1) glastnos ('85)
2) perestroika ('85)
3) democracy and free elections ('87)
State Committee Correct Answer: formed during the hardliner coup in August; they arrested
Gorbachev while he was on vacation and try to take over Moscow; order tanks to fire on
parliament but the soldiers refuse; overthrown on Aug 21
Boris Yeltsin Correct Answer: President of Russian Republic (governor); becomes a hero when
he stands on top of a tank during the State Committee's invasion of Moscow; elected as the first
president of Russia; Shock Therapy Program
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States Correct Answer: ; a loose federation of former Soviet
territories after they were made independent by Yeltsin
Shock Therapy Program Correct Answer: Yeltsin's plan to thrust Russia into a capitalist
economy; takes away all price controls; inflation rises 800% between 1992 and 1994
, AP EURO STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS|
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
EXAM
Chechnya Correct Answer: Russian territory that declared independence in 1991; mostly
Muslim; Yeltsin sends in troops; become like terrorists, setting off bombs, war lasts until 1996
Lech Walesa Correct Answer: organized worker strikes in Poland; elected president of Poland in
1989; Communist party kicked out of Poland peacefully
Vaclav Havel Correct Answer: becomes president of Czechoslovakia after Communist govt
folds in 1989; poet
Czechoslovakia Correct Answer: site of first so-called Velvet Revolution in 1989; many protests
eventually lead to the govt folding and holding elections; Vaclav Havel becomes president
Erich Honecker Correct Answer: East German leader who refused to accept change;
Communist; seals off East Germany to keep people from getting into West Germany (no more
vacations); leads to massive protests; police side with protestors; Honecker thrown out of office
by Communist Party
Egon Krenz Correct Answer: elected by Communist Party to be the leader of E Germany after
Honecker is thrown out of office; opens borders and orders Berlin Wall to be opened; eventually
kicked out of power with the rest of Communist Party
Helmut Kohl Correct Answer: Chancellor of West Germany who assures the world that they
have nothing to fear from a unified Germany; oversees the integration of East and West
Germany
Problems with German Unification Correct Answer: 1) East was less industrialized and poorer
2) East Germans weren't used to working very hard
3) West Germany resented paying higher taxes to support East Germany
4) East Germans were jealous of West Germans because of their wealth
, AP EURO STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS|
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
EXAM
Velvet Revolutions Correct Answer: soft revolutions; communist governments replaced
peacefully; named after Czechoslovakia's revolution
Romania Correct Answer: NOT a Velvet Revolution; oppressive govt under Nicolae Ceausescu;
people protest and govt responds with crackdowns; hundreds killed; sparks more protests;
Ceausescu and wife try to flee but are caught and executed
Nicolae Ceausescu Correct Answer: communist dictator of Romania; killed in 1989 after trying
to flee with his wife
hardliners Correct Answer: traditionalists who wanted the USSR to go back to the way it used to
be under Stalin; ultra-conservative; attempt a coup in August 1991
100 Years War Correct Answer: 1337 - 1453 English King Edward III declared himself King of
France since his mother was Isabella of France; Joan of Arc franch on side of Charles VII; result:
increases power of French king , more unified France, pride
Early Renaissance Correct Answer: Late 1300s - 1494 Center of art and culture in Florence,
changed because Savonarola started a theocracy
High Renaissance Correct Answer: 1494 - 1520 Center in Rome
Late Renaissance Correct Answer: 1520 - 1600 Italians had bleak view of future, Italian
Renaissance coming to end, Rome sacked by Charles V, starts to shift North because of Italian
Wars, mannerism art
Mannerism Correct Answer: Art in Late Renaissance, clashing colors, confusing, elongated
limbs, tortuous, full of emotion, bizarre themes (Christianity, classical, and mythology all
, AP EURO STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS|
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
EXAM
combined)
Georgio Vasari Correct Answer: Sixteenth-century painter, architect, and writer
Used word "rebirth" to describe renaissance
Individualism Correct Answer: Born during Renaissance, as people sought to receive personal
credit for their achievements, opposed to medieval ideal of all glory to God
Italian City-States Correct Answer: Middle Ages - under control of Holy Roman Empire
Florence, Milan, Venice, papal states, Naples
Popolo Correct Answer: "the people", urban underclass in renaissance italy
Ciompi Revolt Correct Answer: 1378, in Florence, the Popolo expressed dissatisfaction with
political and economic order with violent struggle against government
Milan in Middle Ages Correct Answer: Land-locked, ruled by family of mercenary (condottiero)
named Sforza
Condottieri Correct Answer: Military leaders of mercenaries mercenary armies, and often took
political power once they had created the existing government
Florence and Venice government in Middle Ages Correct Answer: Republics, but few wealthy
families dominated
Medici Correct Answer: Wealth from banking, behind-the-scenes rulers of Florence
