WGU D167 Psychology Exam Questions and Answers Latest 2024/2025 (100% Solved)

WGU D167 Psychology Exam Questions and Answers Latest 2024/2025 (100% Solved) Cognitive Development (Piaget) - Answer Sensorimotor-explores through the senses, gains object permanence Preoperational-can't see other people's point of view (egocentrism) Concrete operational-concept of conservation, logical thinking Formal operational-adult reasoning develops, abstract thinking, metacognition (thinking about thinking) cognitive development stage 1 - Answer Infancy (0-2): Crawl, babble Cognitive Development Stage 2 - Answer Early Childhood (2-7): During this phase expose children to as many things as possible. Welcome mistakes, emphasize joy of learning. Cognitive Development Stage 3 - Answer Middle Childhood (6-10): Children continue to grow, get adult teeth, refine fine motor skills that lead to better writing, drawing, sewing, building. Cognitive Development Stage 4 - Answer Adolescent (10-18): Continue to grow. Females grow first and stop growing as boys continue to grow past high school. Hormones kick in and may cause behavioral issues and altered moods. Arnold Gessell - Answer Theory of development based on maturational readiness Established growth norms Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answer physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization WGU D167 Psychology Exam Questions and Answers LATEST 2024/2025 (100% Solved) 2 Physiological needs - Answer those relating to the basic biological necessities of life: food, drink, rest, and shelter Safety - Answer the second rung of Maslow's hierarchy; refers to need for freedom from danger Love & Belonging - Answer friendship, family, sexual intimacy Esteem (Maslow) - Answer self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others Self-actualization (Maslow) - Answer morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts Vygotsky's Theory - Answer A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development. MKO (more knowledgeable other) - Answer Vygotsky's term for someone who helps a child learn a new concept by working with that child in his/her zone of proximal development. assimulation- Piaget - Answer using our current schemas to interpret the outside world Accomodation (Piaget) - Answer when new information or experiences cause you to modify your existing schemas (organized pattern of thought or behavior) 3 Disequilibrium (Piaget) - Answer When encountering new data or information, you experience disequilibrium, a cognitive conflict, until you can either assimilate or accommodate it and achieve equilibrium Schema (Piaget) - Answer Patterns of thought and behavior Equilibrium (Piaget) - Answer balance between assimilation and accommodation Vygotsky Elementary Mental Functions - Answer Attention, sensation, perception, memory Vygotsky higher mental functions - Answer MKO, ZPD, Scaffolding Vygotsky: Scaffolding - Answer Assisted learning with cues from more knowledgable individual Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - Answer Vygotsky's concept of the difference between what a child can do alone and what that child can do with the help of a teacher Vygotsky 3 types of speech - Answer 1. Social External 2. Self talk outloud (Private) 3. Inner self talk Erickson's theory - Answer -8 stages of psychosocial development -each stage has development task that conforms individuals with a crisis that must be faced 4 Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson) - Answer Birth -1: Babies trust others will care for their basic needs or they develop mistrust about the care or others. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Answer Erikson's stage in which a toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson) - Answer 3-6 yrs, good: sense of purpose, ability to initiate activities, ability to enjoy accomplishment, bad: fear of punishment, restrict himself, show off Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson) - Answer 6-12 yrs. Children compare themselves to peers in most areas; sports, classwork, family etc. If they feel that they don't measure up they can become inferior. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson) - Answer 12-18yr, Adolescents main task is developing a sense of self. Who they are, what they want to be, trying new things. Successful in this stage means that through hardships the adolescent can stay true to self. Role confusion occurs when adolescents do not stay true to self or try to search for who they are. They can become unsure of their identity and struggle to find themselves as adults Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson) - Answer 20-40 yrs, good: love, intimate relationships, commitment. bad: avoidance of commitment, alienation, distancing oneself. If they do not figure out the earlier stages then they may isolate. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory - Answer Emphasizes behavior, environment, and cognition as the key factors in development