CHAPTER 10: VISUAL IMAGERY Rule-based approach (to mechanical reasoning)
Applying a rule to solve a mechanical reasoning
Conceptual peg hypothesis A hypothesis, associated problem. Contrasts with approaches that involve
with Paivio’s dual coding theory, that states that mental imagery. (10)
concrete nouns create images that other words can
hang onto, which enhances memory for these words. Spatial representation A representation in which
(10) different parts of an image can be described as
corresponding to specific locations in space. See also
Depictive representation Corresponds to spatial Depictive representation. (10)
representation. So called because a spatial
representation can be depicted by a picture. (10) Tacit knowledge explanation An explanation
proposed to account for the results of some imagery
Epiphenomenon A phenomenon that accompanies a experiments that states that participants unconsciously
mechanism but is not actually part of the mechanism. use knowledge about the world in making their
An example of an epiphenomenon is lights that flash on judgments. This explanation has been used as one of
a mainframe computer as it operates. (10) the arguments against describing imagery as a
depictive or spatial representation. (10)
Imageless thought debate The debate about whether
thought is possible in the absence of images. (10) Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) A
procedure in which magnetic pulses are applied to the
Imagery debate The debate about whether imagery is skull in order to temporarily disrupt the functioning of
based on spatial mechanisms, such as those involved part of the brain. (10)
in perception, or on propositional mechanisms that are
related to language. (10) Unilateral neglect A problem caused by brain
damage, usually to the right parietal lobes, in which the
Imagery neuron A type of category-specific neuron patient ignores objects in the left half of his or her
that is activated by imagery. (10) visual field. (10)
Mental imagery Experiencing a sensory impression in Visual imagery A type of mental imagery involving
the absence of sensory input. (10) Mental scanning A vision, in which an image is experienced in the absence
process of mental imagery in which a person scans a of a visual stimulus. (5, 10)
mental image in his or her mind. (10)
Mental simulation Models that people create about
what will happen following different decisions. (10, 12)
Mental walk task A task used in imagery experiments
in which participants are asked to form a mental image
of an object and to imagine that they are walking
toward this mental image. (10)
Method of loci A method for remembering things in
which the things to be remembered are placed at
different locations in a mental image of a spatial layout.
See also Pegword technique. (10)
Paired-associate learning A learning task in which
participants are first presented with pairs of words,
then one word of each pair is presented and the task is
to recall the other word. (7, 10)
Pegword technique A method for remembering things
in which the things to be remembered are associated
with concrete words. See also Method of loci. (10)
Propositional representation A representation in
which relationships are represented by symbols, as
when the words of language represent objects and the
relationships between objects. (10)
Applying a rule to solve a mechanical reasoning
Conceptual peg hypothesis A hypothesis, associated problem. Contrasts with approaches that involve
with Paivio’s dual coding theory, that states that mental imagery. (10)
concrete nouns create images that other words can
hang onto, which enhances memory for these words. Spatial representation A representation in which
(10) different parts of an image can be described as
corresponding to specific locations in space. See also
Depictive representation Corresponds to spatial Depictive representation. (10)
representation. So called because a spatial
representation can be depicted by a picture. (10) Tacit knowledge explanation An explanation
proposed to account for the results of some imagery
Epiphenomenon A phenomenon that accompanies a experiments that states that participants unconsciously
mechanism but is not actually part of the mechanism. use knowledge about the world in making their
An example of an epiphenomenon is lights that flash on judgments. This explanation has been used as one of
a mainframe computer as it operates. (10) the arguments against describing imagery as a
depictive or spatial representation. (10)
Imageless thought debate The debate about whether
thought is possible in the absence of images. (10) Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) A
procedure in which magnetic pulses are applied to the
Imagery debate The debate about whether imagery is skull in order to temporarily disrupt the functioning of
based on spatial mechanisms, such as those involved part of the brain. (10)
in perception, or on propositional mechanisms that are
related to language. (10) Unilateral neglect A problem caused by brain
damage, usually to the right parietal lobes, in which the
Imagery neuron A type of category-specific neuron patient ignores objects in the left half of his or her
that is activated by imagery. (10) visual field. (10)
Mental imagery Experiencing a sensory impression in Visual imagery A type of mental imagery involving
the absence of sensory input. (10) Mental scanning A vision, in which an image is experienced in the absence
process of mental imagery in which a person scans a of a visual stimulus. (5, 10)
mental image in his or her mind. (10)
Mental simulation Models that people create about
what will happen following different decisions. (10, 12)
Mental walk task A task used in imagery experiments
in which participants are asked to form a mental image
of an object and to imagine that they are walking
toward this mental image. (10)
Method of loci A method for remembering things in
which the things to be remembered are placed at
different locations in a mental image of a spatial layout.
See also Pegword technique. (10)
Paired-associate learning A learning task in which
participants are first presented with pairs of words,
then one word of each pair is presented and the task is
to recall the other word. (7, 10)
Pegword technique A method for remembering things
in which the things to be remembered are associated
with concrete words. See also Method of loci. (10)
Propositional representation A representation in
which relationships are represented by symbols, as
when the words of language represent objects and the
relationships between objects. (10)
