AAET registry exam questions with correct answers 2023

AAET registry exam questions with correct answers 2023 When the synaptic vesicles are electrically stimulated by a nerve impulse, synaptic vesicles gravitate to the outer membrane of the presynaptic wall and release acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. The Ach molecules migrate to the postsynaptic cells where they attach to the specific receptors. When enough neurotransmitters are received by the receptors to overcome the firing threshold a CMAP is generated causing muscle contraction. This describes - The events that occur in the Neuromuscular Junction What happens to the neurotransmitters after they have attached themselves to receptors and generated the muscles to contract? - They are chemically broken down by enzymes and recycled back to the presynaptic terminals Maximal stimulation is appropriate for , while supramaximal stimulation (not over stimulation) is necessary in recordings. - SNC, MNC Martin Gruber Anastomosis is seen when there is a: - Crossover of median fibers to ulnar fibers in the forearm Define Afferent nerves: - From the periphery to the cord Important muscles innervated by the axillary nerve - the Deltoids Important muscles in the upper arm that are innervated by the radial nerve - The triceps Which nerve innervates the posterior thigh, leg muscles, planter foot muscles and skin of the foot - The tibial nerve Cell bodies of sensory neurons are housed in - The dorsal root ganglion Which term means the specific region of skin belonging to a single spinal root - A Dermatome The nerve most likely to be injured in fractures of the medial epicondyle is the: - Ulnar nerveAfter a time when a motor nerve to a muscle is sectioned the muscles atrophy. If you notice that the thenar muscles are atrophied which nerve is suspected of injury? - The median nerveWhat is the name for the neurotransmitter found in the neuromuscular junction - Acetylcholine The needle examination requrires: - A relaxed and compliant patient The common peroneal nerve bifucates and becomes the: - The deep Peroneal and superficial peroneal nerves Muscle of the hypothenar eminace are innervated by the - ulnar nerve Which nerve innvervates the muscle for tight closure of the eyelids? - The facial nerve A nerve that ca frequently be compressed against the bony structures in the lower limb, the nerve that rests against the head and neck of the fibula is the: - The common Peroneal nerve and actin filaments are located in the sarcomers and serve to contract or relax a muscle - Myosin filaments A quick way to check the function of one of the nerves of the leg is to pinch the skin between the big toe and 2nd toe which nerve is being checked? - The deep peroneal nerve The medial plantar nerve is a branch off the: - Tibial nerve The signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome may vary among patients, but they always result from compression of what structure in the carpal canal? - Median nerve Find the voltage is I=20 Amps and resistance = 10Ohms - 20 Volts The radial nerve originates from the plexus - Brachial Plexus A familiar type of monosynaptic reflex that monitors and regulates the length of skeletal muscles is the: - stretch reflex Herniation of the inter vertebral disc between the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae will compress the - The 6th cervical root (C6) If a patient has trouble extending his forearm, wrist, and fingers which nerve is likely damaged? - The radial nerve Which nerve is most likely to be injured by fractures or dislocations of the elbow ( or by an extra hit to the "funny bone") - The ulnar nerve What are 3 cranial nerves on which NCS are performed: - Trigeminal, facial and accessory nerveis a natural chemical sorting of potassium and sodium ions across the semipermeable membrane surround the nerve cell - Active transport Define Efferent nerves - From the brain and cord to the periphery The important muscles ( APB, opponens pollis bravis, and flexor pollis brevis) innvervated by the median nerve in the hand and collectively are called the muscles - Thenar An example of an AIDP is - Guillain-Barre syndrome The ulnar nerve originates from the nerve roots - C8-T1 Numbness to the skin on the lateral half of the palm of the hand would be caused by a lesion to which nerve? - Median nerve The ulnar nerve arises from the cervical roots C8-T1, travels through the trunk and medial cord - Lower Important muscles innervated by the posterior interosseous (radial) nerve are: - The Extensor indicis Proprius and Extensor digitorum communis (EIP, EDC) The superficial peroneal nerve recieves sensation from: - The dorsum of the foot The is a pure motor response and can be recorded from any skeletal muscle - F- wave The major muscle innervation of the medial planter nerve is the: - The Abductor Hallis The sural nerve receives sensation from the: - Lateral foot The common units of measure for the stimulation intensity: - Milliamps (mA) or volts (V) What describes a differential amplifier? - Measure the difference between two inputs an amplify that difference With regards to equipment power cords the following is true: - -Must be plugged into 3- prong, grounded electrical outlet -All cords must be tightly connected to the equipment -All power cords should be inspected for frying or damage. The saphenous nerve is the sensory component of the nerve - The femoral nerveWhat is true about orthodromic conduction and antidromic conduction - Othodromic conduction has to do with the normal physiological direction and antidromic has to do with other than the normal physiological direction. What are two chemical that are instrumental in generating the electrical polarity of a nerve? - Na+ and K+ Find the resistance (R) if V=12volts and I= 100mA - 120Ohms nerve cell. - Depolarization threshold The common units of measure for stimulation duration - Milliseconds (ms) Which choice best describes common mode rejection - Reject input signals common to both input leads Dorsal ulnar sensory innervation in the hand includes the dorsal surface of: - 1/2 of digit IV and digit V The primary function of a motor nerve is: - To control skeletal muscles The motor cell bodies are located in the spinal cord in the ventral and ventrolateral gray columns adjacent to the ventral roots. They are also called: - Anterior horn cells The three components of a synapse are: - Presynaptic terminal, the synapse and the postsynaptic component. The structure responsible for the sodium and potassium ions switching places across the semipermeable membrane is known as the - sodium pump Recording the peroneal nerve, the distal motor latency form the ankle is 5.0ms, the latency at the fibular head is 11.0 and the above knee stimulation measures 13.3. The distance from the ankle to the fibular head is 29 (290) cm and the measurements across the knee is 10 (100)cm. What are the two CV measurements. - 48m/s and 43.5 m/s Which nerve is probably damaged if a patient cannot abduct the arm past 25 degrees? - The Axillary Nerve Innervations of anterior neck muscles, the skin of the neck and the parts of the head and shoulders are branches of which plexus? - The cervical plexus What are the major nerve(s) of the lower extremities derived from the femoral nerve? - The saphenous nerve The is the point at which stimulation causes depolarization of theThe major muscles innervation of the medial plantar nerve is the: - Abductor Hallucis (AH) Axontmesis is when the: - Axons are intact and the myelin is interrupted When stimulating a peripheral nerve during NCS, the stimulation pulse duration is typically started at - 0.05-1.0ms Cool extremities can cause: - Increased amp, prolonged LAT, and slower CV Which neuromuscular anatomical can only transmit the impulses in one dirrection? - The Neuromuscular Junction When performing a facial nerve study a side to side amp drop of 50% is considered a: - Guarded prognosis True or False: Needle EMG will show denervation in a limb muscle almost immediately after a radiculopathy. - False If a patient has a anterior interosseous neuropathy the NCS with show: - MNC and SNC of the median nerve is normal The posterior interosseous nerve is a branch of the nerve and the anterior interosseous is a branch of the nerve - Radial= posterior interosseous Median= Anterior interosseous The deep peroneal nerve arises from: - L5-S1 A variation in innervation of intrinsic hand muscles is called: - Riches-Cannieu Decreased abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi CMAP amp, reduced or absent ulnar SNAP and normal median SNAP is most consistant with: - Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome Major muscle innervations of the femoral nerve include rectus femoris and vastus intermedius - vastus lateralis and vastus medialis The medial nerve is formed by a continuation of which nerve cords - The lateral and medial cords The findings of attenuated ulnar SNAP amp, decreased APB CMAP amp and normal median and ulnar MNC and SNC NCV are consistent with - Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome The measurement of negative peak duration of a CMAP waveform will yield the most information regarding - Temporal dispersionEntrapment of the suprascapular nerve at what level causes isolated atrophy of he infraspinatus muscle? - Spinglenoid notch An anomalous accessory peroneal nerve, when present, innervates the: - EDB The Roots of the brachial plexus are actually: - The anterior RAMI of the spinal nerves upper trunk and lateral cord An f-wave is a time measurement of the antidromic stimulus to travel to the anterior horn cell in the spinal cord through the and back to the muscle thus called a long latency response - Interneurons The major muscle innervation of the plantar nerve is the - The abductor digiti quinti pedis Nerve CV is least affected by - Antidromic conduction In neuromuscular transmission, which ion responsible for facilitating the fusion of acetylcholine (ACH) containing vesicles with the presynaptic membrane of the axon terminal resulting in the release of ACH into the neuromusclular cleft - Ca++ The Median nerve goes through the cord(s) - the medial and lateral cords "Motor end plate" is the EMG'ers name for the: - Neuromuscular Junction What are the standard filter settings (LFF and HFF) for sensory conductions? - 20Hz- 3kHz Type A nerve fibers are further subdivided in four groups. The subgroups are based on size and CV. The four groups are: - Alpha- largest and fastest Beta- Second largest and fastest Gamma- Next to smallest and slowest Delta- smallest and slowest Saturday night palsy, an accurate compression neuropathy is a good example of: - Neurapraxia A HFF of 500hz on a sensory NCS would cause the onset latency to: - Stay the same In examining a patient with brachial plexopathy, the deltoid and triceps are weak, but the biceps and pronator tres are normal. The lesion is best localized to the: - The posterior cord The musculocutaneous nerve travels through trunk and the cord - TheThe study that is most helpful differentiating a brachial plexus lesion from nerve root avulsion is: - SNAP Amp A lesion of the ulnar never at guyon's canal, before it splits into the superficial and deep branch, will NOT cause the following: - Sensory loss over the medial dorsal hand The following are characteristics of hereditary motor sensory neuropathy Type I - Conduction block is evidant The dermatome of the thumb is innervated by nervous elements arising from which spinal cord segments? - C6 Loss of sensation in a single dermatome on one side of the body could indicate damage to a spinal nerve or to: - The dorsal root ganglion When stimulating the suprascapular nerve at Erb's point we record over one of both of the following muscles - Supraspinatus and infraspinatus What is an example of othodrimic sensory response - Ulnar tranpalmer study with stimulation between the 4th and 5th metacarpals and recording on the medial aspect of the wrist adjacent to the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon Patients with MG show an electrical abnormality on Rep Stim called a decrement. This means there is a decrease in after the first response to a train of stimuli - Amplitude What is the charge of an electron? - 1.6x10-19 Coulombs/sec Coulomb's law states: - Like charges repeal and opposite charges attract We measure the nerve conduction of the VII cranial nerve. We call this the - Facial nerve Wallerian Degeneration is seen: - In both axonotmesis and neurotmesis The accessory peroneal anomaly occurs when: - The EDB derives additional innervation from the accessory peroneal nerve that wraps around the lateral malleous The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve is - An extension of the musculocutaneous nerve recieving sensation from the lateral forearm Surgery will probably be necessary to fix a(n) nerve injury - Neurotmesis Polyneruopathies can be described as: - -Axonal and Demyelinating -Acquired or hereditary -Acute and chronicChronic nerve compression, or entrapment primarily affects which component of the nerve - The myelin The medial antebrachial nerve receives sensation from: - The medial forearm 56 y/o M with C5-C8 cervical cord infarction would most likely have normal: - Median sensory NCS What is a reflex arc? - A function of the PNS that effectively shortens the time required to respond to potentially harmful stimuli. Sensory axons synapse with interneurons located in the dorsal gray column and transmit sensory impulses directly to motor nerve cells. The pathway from a sensory nerve input to a direct response by a motor unit. A synaps is: - A space between two neurological components that function to propagate an electrical impulse through the process of chemical excitation. True or False: the layered sections of myelin along the length of an axon affect a substantial increase in the conduction velocity of a nerve - True True or False: The neuromuscular junction is essentially a synapse except the motor end plates act as the post synaptic cells. - True Physiologic temporal dispersion affects the sensory response more than the compound motor response is because: - Due to relatively short duration SNAPs Decreasing the inter-electrode distance in a SNAP recording will: - Decrease the AMP in a SNAP A median SNAP to the long finger is recorded in a patient with a suspected median neuropathy at the wrist. No waveform is seen after multiple attempts. Which of the following would be the LEAST useful next step. - Increasing the low frequency filter Increasing the low frequency filter (LFF) on a sensory study will: - Decrease the peak latency When confirming an accessory peroneal nerve we stimulate: - The posterior lateral mallious The medial antebrachial nerve arises from what cervical root? - C8-T1 We perform additional sensory nerve conduction studies when we suspect Brachial plexus injuries so we can: - Verify post ganglionic abnormalitiesWhat is the normal polarity on each side of the semipermeable membrane (inside the cell vrs. outside the cell) while the cell is at rest? - The inside of the cell is negative in relation to the outside What are the standard filter (HFF/LLF) settings for Sensory NCS - 20Hz-3kHz Increasing the sensitivity when recording a CMAP will likely - Decrease the latency What are the standard filter settings (LFF and HFF) for motor conduction studies - 2Hz- 10kHz What are the standard filter settings (LFF and HFF) for needle EMG - 20Hz-10kHz Injury to the can occure in patients with IV drug habits - Lateral Antibrachial cutaneous nerve Recording a blink reflex study measures portions of: - The trigeminal nerve, the facial nerve and nucleus of the brainstem Fewer sensory nerve conductions are performed when a radiculopathy is suspected because: - Radiculopathies are pre-ganglionic NCS changes of axonal neuropathy are most often characterized by: - Decreased Amplitude and are electrophysiological hallmark of demyelination - Conduction block and abnormal temporal dispersion If the electrode separation is more then 2cm when performing sensory nerve conduction studies, which of the following is most likely to occur? - The amplitude with decrease Increasing the sensitivity when recording a CMAP will likely - Decrease the latency What can result in a faster CV - An increased axon diameter What is a description of NCS in the H-reflex is true? - Both sensory and motor are done orthodromically In the MGA, the muscle most commonly innervated by the crossover is the: - First Dorsal interosseous Which of the following sensory NCS will best help distinguish between true neurogenic outlet syndrome and cubital tunnel? - Medial Antebrachial cutaneous nerve Diabetic neuropathies are usually and must be - Axonal, symmetricFailure to adequately warm a limb prior to performing NCS may - Decrease the AMP of the SNAP