PN Exit HESI PREP LATEST 2023 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Which breakfast selection indicates that the client understands
the nurse‟s instructions about the dietary management of
osteoporosis?
a- Egg whites, toast and coffee.
b- Bran muffin, mixed fruits, and orange juice.
c- Granola and grapefruit juice
d- Bagel with jelly and skim milk. - CORRECT ANSWER Bagel
with jelly and skim milk
* Rationale: D includes dairy products which contain calcium and
does not include any foods that inhibit calcium absorption. The
primary dietary implication of osteoporosis is the need for
increased calcium and reduction in foods that decrease calcium
absorption, such as caffeine and excessive fiber.
The charge nurse of a critical care unit is informed at the
beginning of the shift that less than the optimal number of
registered nurses will be working that shift. In planning
assignments, which client should receive the most care hours by
a registered nurse (RN)?
a- A 34-year -old admitted today after an emergency
appendendectomy who has a peripheral intravenous catheter and
a Foley catheter.
b- A 48-year-old marathon runner with a central venous catheter
who is experiencing nausea and vomiting due to electrolyte
disturbance following a race.
,c- A 63-year-old chain smoker admitted with chronic bronchitis
who is receiving oxygen via nasal cannula and has a saline-
locked peripheral intravenous catheter.
d- An 82-year-old client with Alzheimer‟s disease newly-fractures
femur who has a Foley catheter and soft wrist restrains applied -
CORRECT ANSWER An 82-year-old client with Alzheimer's
disease newly fractures femur who has a Foley catheter and soft
wrist restrains applied.
*Rationale: (D) describe the client at the most risk for injury and
complications because of the factor listed. (A) has complete the
recovery period form anesthesia but requires critical care because
of the invasive lines and new abdominal incision. (B) is likely to be
in excellent physical condition and has one invasive line needed
for rehydration. (C) is essentially stable, despite having a chronic
condition.
a- Cleanse the foot with soap and water and apply an antibiotic
ointment
b- Provide teaching about the need for a tetanus booster within
the next 72 hours.
c- have the mother check the child's temperature q4h for the next
24 hours
d- transfer the child to the emergency department to receive a
gamma globulin injection - CORRECT ANSWER Cleanse the
foot with soap and water and apply an antibiotic ointment
*Rationale: The nurse should cleanse the wound first and
implement B next.
The mother of an adolescent tells the clinic nurse, "My son has
athlete‟s foot, I have been applying triple antibiotic ointment for
two days, but there has been no improvement." What instruction
should the nurse provide?
a- Antibiotics take two weeks to become effective against
infections such as athlete‟s foot.
b- Continue using the ointment for a full week, even after the
symptoms disappear.
,c- Applying too much ointment can deter its effectiveness. Apply a
thin layer to prevent maceration.
d- Stop using the ointment and encourage complete drying of the
feet and wearing clean socks. - CORRECT ANSWER Stop
using the ointment and encourage complete drying of the feet and
wearing clean socks.
*Rationale: Athlete‟s foot (tinea pedi) is a fungal infection that
afflicts the feet and causes scaliness and cracking of the skin
between the toes and on the soles of the feet. The feet should be
ventilated, dried well after bathing, and clean socks should be
placed on the feet after bathing. Antifungal ointments may be
prescribed, but antibiotic ointments are not useful.
A 26-year-old female client is admitted to the hospital for
treatment of a simple goiter, and levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid)
is prescribed. Which symptoms indicate to the nurse that the
prescribed dosage is too high for this client? The client
experiences
a- Palpitations and shortness of breath b- Bradycardia and
constipation
c- Lethargy and lack of appetite
d- Muscle cramping and dry, flushed skin - CORRECT ANSWER
Palpitations and shortness of breath
*Rationale: An overdose of thyroid preparation generally
manifests symptoms of an agitated state such as tremors,
palpitations, shortness of breath, tachycardia, increased appetite,
agitation, sweating and diarrhea.
A client with a history of heart failure presents to the clinic with a
nausea, vomiting, yellow vision and palpitations. Which finding is
most important for the nurse to assess to the client?
a- Determine the client‟s level of orientation and cognition b-
Assess distal pulses and signs of peripheral edema
c- Obtain a list of medications taken for cardiac history. d- Ask the
client about exposure to environmental heat. - CORRECT
ANSWER Obtain a list of medications taken for cardiac history
, *Rationale: The client is presenting with signs of digitalis toxicity.
A list of medication, which is likely to include digoxin (Lanoxin) for
heart failure, can direct further assessment in validating digitalis
toxicity with serum labels greater than 2 mg/ml that is contributing
to client‟s presenting clinical picture.
The healthcare provider prescribes an IV solution of
isoproterenol (Isuprel) 1 mg in 250 ml of D5W at 300 mcg/hour.
The nurse should program the infusion pump to deliver how many
ml/hour? (Enter numeric value only.) - CORRECT ANSWER 75
*Rationale: Convert mg to mcg and use the formula D/H x Q. 300
mcg/hour / 1,000 mcg x 250 ml = 3/1 x 25 = 75 ml/hour
The pathophysiological mechanisms are responsible for ascites
related to liver failure? (Select all that apply)
a- Bleeding that results from a decreased production of the
body‟s clotting factors
b- Fluid shifts from intravascular to interstitial area due to
decreased serum protein
c- Increased hydrostatic pressure in portal circulation increases
fluid shifts into abdomen
d- Increased circulating aldosterone levels that increase sodium
and water retention
e- Decreased absorption of fatty acids in the duodenum leading to
abdominal distention. - CORRECT ANSWER B, C, D
*Rationale: When liver fail production of albumin is reduced. Since
albumin is the primary serum protein creating intravascular
osmotic pressure, decreased serum protein allows a fluids shift
into the interstitial space. A failing liver ineffectively inactivates
steroidal hormones, such as aldosterone resulting in sodium and
water retention.
The nurse is auscultating a client‟s heart sounds. Which
description should the nurse use to document this sound? (Please
listen to the audio first to select the option that applies)
a- S1 S2
b- S1 S2 S3
c- Murmur
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Which breakfast selection indicates that the client understands
the nurse‟s instructions about the dietary management of
osteoporosis?
a- Egg whites, toast and coffee.
b- Bran muffin, mixed fruits, and orange juice.
c- Granola and grapefruit juice
d- Bagel with jelly and skim milk. - CORRECT ANSWER Bagel
with jelly and skim milk
* Rationale: D includes dairy products which contain calcium and
does not include any foods that inhibit calcium absorption. The
primary dietary implication of osteoporosis is the need for
increased calcium and reduction in foods that decrease calcium
absorption, such as caffeine and excessive fiber.
The charge nurse of a critical care unit is informed at the
beginning of the shift that less than the optimal number of
registered nurses will be working that shift. In planning
assignments, which client should receive the most care hours by
a registered nurse (RN)?
a- A 34-year -old admitted today after an emergency
appendendectomy who has a peripheral intravenous catheter and
a Foley catheter.
b- A 48-year-old marathon runner with a central venous catheter
who is experiencing nausea and vomiting due to electrolyte
disturbance following a race.
,c- A 63-year-old chain smoker admitted with chronic bronchitis
who is receiving oxygen via nasal cannula and has a saline-
locked peripheral intravenous catheter.
d- An 82-year-old client with Alzheimer‟s disease newly-fractures
femur who has a Foley catheter and soft wrist restrains applied -
CORRECT ANSWER An 82-year-old client with Alzheimer's
disease newly fractures femur who has a Foley catheter and soft
wrist restrains applied.
*Rationale: (D) describe the client at the most risk for injury and
complications because of the factor listed. (A) has complete the
recovery period form anesthesia but requires critical care because
of the invasive lines and new abdominal incision. (B) is likely to be
in excellent physical condition and has one invasive line needed
for rehydration. (C) is essentially stable, despite having a chronic
condition.
a- Cleanse the foot with soap and water and apply an antibiotic
ointment
b- Provide teaching about the need for a tetanus booster within
the next 72 hours.
c- have the mother check the child's temperature q4h for the next
24 hours
d- transfer the child to the emergency department to receive a
gamma globulin injection - CORRECT ANSWER Cleanse the
foot with soap and water and apply an antibiotic ointment
*Rationale: The nurse should cleanse the wound first and
implement B next.
The mother of an adolescent tells the clinic nurse, "My son has
athlete‟s foot, I have been applying triple antibiotic ointment for
two days, but there has been no improvement." What instruction
should the nurse provide?
a- Antibiotics take two weeks to become effective against
infections such as athlete‟s foot.
b- Continue using the ointment for a full week, even after the
symptoms disappear.
,c- Applying too much ointment can deter its effectiveness. Apply a
thin layer to prevent maceration.
d- Stop using the ointment and encourage complete drying of the
feet and wearing clean socks. - CORRECT ANSWER Stop
using the ointment and encourage complete drying of the feet and
wearing clean socks.
*Rationale: Athlete‟s foot (tinea pedi) is a fungal infection that
afflicts the feet and causes scaliness and cracking of the skin
between the toes and on the soles of the feet. The feet should be
ventilated, dried well after bathing, and clean socks should be
placed on the feet after bathing. Antifungal ointments may be
prescribed, but antibiotic ointments are not useful.
A 26-year-old female client is admitted to the hospital for
treatment of a simple goiter, and levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid)
is prescribed. Which symptoms indicate to the nurse that the
prescribed dosage is too high for this client? The client
experiences
a- Palpitations and shortness of breath b- Bradycardia and
constipation
c- Lethargy and lack of appetite
d- Muscle cramping and dry, flushed skin - CORRECT ANSWER
Palpitations and shortness of breath
*Rationale: An overdose of thyroid preparation generally
manifests symptoms of an agitated state such as tremors,
palpitations, shortness of breath, tachycardia, increased appetite,
agitation, sweating and diarrhea.
A client with a history of heart failure presents to the clinic with a
nausea, vomiting, yellow vision and palpitations. Which finding is
most important for the nurse to assess to the client?
a- Determine the client‟s level of orientation and cognition b-
Assess distal pulses and signs of peripheral edema
c- Obtain a list of medications taken for cardiac history. d- Ask the
client about exposure to environmental heat. - CORRECT
ANSWER Obtain a list of medications taken for cardiac history
, *Rationale: The client is presenting with signs of digitalis toxicity.
A list of medication, which is likely to include digoxin (Lanoxin) for
heart failure, can direct further assessment in validating digitalis
toxicity with serum labels greater than 2 mg/ml that is contributing
to client‟s presenting clinical picture.
The healthcare provider prescribes an IV solution of
isoproterenol (Isuprel) 1 mg in 250 ml of D5W at 300 mcg/hour.
The nurse should program the infusion pump to deliver how many
ml/hour? (Enter numeric value only.) - CORRECT ANSWER 75
*Rationale: Convert mg to mcg and use the formula D/H x Q. 300
mcg/hour / 1,000 mcg x 250 ml = 3/1 x 25 = 75 ml/hour
The pathophysiological mechanisms are responsible for ascites
related to liver failure? (Select all that apply)
a- Bleeding that results from a decreased production of the
body‟s clotting factors
b- Fluid shifts from intravascular to interstitial area due to
decreased serum protein
c- Increased hydrostatic pressure in portal circulation increases
fluid shifts into abdomen
d- Increased circulating aldosterone levels that increase sodium
and water retention
e- Decreased absorption of fatty acids in the duodenum leading to
abdominal distention. - CORRECT ANSWER B, C, D
*Rationale: When liver fail production of albumin is reduced. Since
albumin is the primary serum protein creating intravascular
osmotic pressure, decreased serum protein allows a fluids shift
into the interstitial space. A failing liver ineffectively inactivates
steroidal hormones, such as aldosterone resulting in sodium and
water retention.
The nurse is auscultating a client‟s heart sounds. Which
description should the nurse use to document this sound? (Please
listen to the audio first to select the option that applies)
a- S1 S2
b- S1 S2 S3
c- Murmur
