Prehospital Emergency Care 11th Edition Chapters 1-6
Questions and Answers.
Advanced Emergency Medical Technician Answer - -Provides both basic and limited advanced emergency
medical care and transportation to patients in the per-hospital environment.
-Does everything an EMT does plus also uses advanced airway devices, monitors blood glucose levels,
administers a select number of medications
Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Answer - -Protects individuals who have a documented disability from
being denied initial or continued employment based on their disability
-Employer has to make the necessary adjustment so the person with the disability is not denied employment.
Emergency Medical Responder Answer - -Similar to first responder level
-Provides immediate lifesaving care to patients who have accessed the EMS system and while awaiting
response from a higher-level EMS practitioner
What they do:
1. Basic airway, ventilation, and oxygen devices
2. Vitals
3. Stabilization of the spine and suspected extremity injuries
4. Eye irrigation
5. Bleeding control
6. Emergency Moves, CPR
7. Automated external defibrillation (AED)
8. Emergency childbirth care
Emergency Medical Technician Answer - -Provide basic emergency medical care and transportation to patients
who access the EMS system
,What they do: everything an EMR does, but on an ambulance, plus:
1. Use advanced oxygen therapy and ventilation equipment
2. Pulse oximetry
3. Automatic blood pressure monitoring equipment
4. Limited medication administration
EMS System Answer - -Permits patient care to begin at the scene of injury or illness
-Part of a continuum of patient care that extends from the time of injury or illness until rehabilitation or
discharge
Evidence-Based Medicine Answer - -Focuses on research to provide clear evidence that certain procedures,
medications, and equipment improve the patient's outcome.
Steps that are common in evidenced-based decision making:
1. Formulate a question about emergency care that needs to be answered
2. Search medical literature for research data that are related and applicable to the question
3. Appraise the evidence for validity and reliability
4. IF evidence supports a change in practice, change protocols and implement the change in pre-hospital
emergency care.
Limitation: not enough research done on it.
Medical Direction Answer - -Developing and establishing the guidelines under which the emergency medical
service personnel function.
Medical Director Answer - -Physician who is legally responsible for the clinical and patient care aspects of the
EMS system.
,-Also teaches EMS education and refresher courses, facilitates quality improvement system.
-Also responsible for providing medical direction
Medical Oversight Answer - -Describes the EMS system medical director's responsibilities
-Include all of the clinical and administrative functions and activities performed by the medical director
Off-line Medical Direction Answer - -Provided through a set of predetermined, written guidelines that allow
EMTs to use their judgement to administer emergency medical care (without having to contact physician)
On-line Medical Direction Answer - -Requires that the EMT acquire permission from a physician (in any way)
prior to administering specific emergency care.
Paramedic Answer - -Can do all things EMTs and AEMTs do with the addition of:
1. More advanced assessment and patient management skills and provision of the highest level of pre-hospital
care
2. Field impression
3. Provide invasive and drug interventions as well as transport
Pre-hospital Care Answer - -Emergency medical treatment given to patients before they are transported to a
hospital or other facility.
Protocols Answer - -Comprise a full set of guidelines that define the entire scope of medical care (triage,
treatment, transport, destination).
-AKA orders, may consist of off-line and on-line medical direction.
Quality Improvement Answer - -AKA continuous quality improvement
-System of internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an emergency medical system
-Goals are to identify those aspects of the system that can be improved and to implement plans and programs
, that will remedy any shortcomings
Standing Orders Answer - -Subset of protocols that don't require real-time physician input
-Sometimes can be performed if communication cannot be established or is lost with medical direction.
Describe lessons learned in trauma care from experiences in Koren and Vietnam conflicts Answer - -It was
obvious that injured war soldiers in these wars benefited from emergency care in the field prior to transport
-This helped the civilian EMS system evolve immensely
Describe The Publication of Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society Answer -
-AKA the white paper
-Detailed the number of deaths and injuries related to traffic crashes in the United States.
-Also detailed severe deficiencies in the delivery of pre-hospital care in the US and made recommendations
intended to change ambulance systems, training requirements, and the provision of pre-hospital care.
Highway Safety Act of 1966 Answer - -Required each state to establish a highway safety program that met
prescribed federal standards and included emergency services.
Emergency Medical Services Act of 1973 Answer - -Provided access to millions of dollars of funding geared to
EMS system planning and implementation, personnel availability, and training.
Public CPR Courses Answer - -Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
-American Heart Association began to teach CPR and basic life support to the public.
Publication of the National Emergency Medical Services Education and Practice Blueprint Answer - -Defined
issues related to EMS training and education and was intended to guide the development of national training
curricula.
Publication of EMS Agenda For The Future and The EMS Education Agenda For The Future: A Systems Approach
Answer - EMS Agenda For The Future:
Questions and Answers.
Advanced Emergency Medical Technician Answer - -Provides both basic and limited advanced emergency
medical care and transportation to patients in the per-hospital environment.
-Does everything an EMT does plus also uses advanced airway devices, monitors blood glucose levels,
administers a select number of medications
Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Answer - -Protects individuals who have a documented disability from
being denied initial or continued employment based on their disability
-Employer has to make the necessary adjustment so the person with the disability is not denied employment.
Emergency Medical Responder Answer - -Similar to first responder level
-Provides immediate lifesaving care to patients who have accessed the EMS system and while awaiting
response from a higher-level EMS practitioner
What they do:
1. Basic airway, ventilation, and oxygen devices
2. Vitals
3. Stabilization of the spine and suspected extremity injuries
4. Eye irrigation
5. Bleeding control
6. Emergency Moves, CPR
7. Automated external defibrillation (AED)
8. Emergency childbirth care
Emergency Medical Technician Answer - -Provide basic emergency medical care and transportation to patients
who access the EMS system
,What they do: everything an EMR does, but on an ambulance, plus:
1. Use advanced oxygen therapy and ventilation equipment
2. Pulse oximetry
3. Automatic blood pressure monitoring equipment
4. Limited medication administration
EMS System Answer - -Permits patient care to begin at the scene of injury or illness
-Part of a continuum of patient care that extends from the time of injury or illness until rehabilitation or
discharge
Evidence-Based Medicine Answer - -Focuses on research to provide clear evidence that certain procedures,
medications, and equipment improve the patient's outcome.
Steps that are common in evidenced-based decision making:
1. Formulate a question about emergency care that needs to be answered
2. Search medical literature for research data that are related and applicable to the question
3. Appraise the evidence for validity and reliability
4. IF evidence supports a change in practice, change protocols and implement the change in pre-hospital
emergency care.
Limitation: not enough research done on it.
Medical Direction Answer - -Developing and establishing the guidelines under which the emergency medical
service personnel function.
Medical Director Answer - -Physician who is legally responsible for the clinical and patient care aspects of the
EMS system.
,-Also teaches EMS education and refresher courses, facilitates quality improvement system.
-Also responsible for providing medical direction
Medical Oversight Answer - -Describes the EMS system medical director's responsibilities
-Include all of the clinical and administrative functions and activities performed by the medical director
Off-line Medical Direction Answer - -Provided through a set of predetermined, written guidelines that allow
EMTs to use their judgement to administer emergency medical care (without having to contact physician)
On-line Medical Direction Answer - -Requires that the EMT acquire permission from a physician (in any way)
prior to administering specific emergency care.
Paramedic Answer - -Can do all things EMTs and AEMTs do with the addition of:
1. More advanced assessment and patient management skills and provision of the highest level of pre-hospital
care
2. Field impression
3. Provide invasive and drug interventions as well as transport
Pre-hospital Care Answer - -Emergency medical treatment given to patients before they are transported to a
hospital or other facility.
Protocols Answer - -Comprise a full set of guidelines that define the entire scope of medical care (triage,
treatment, transport, destination).
-AKA orders, may consist of off-line and on-line medical direction.
Quality Improvement Answer - -AKA continuous quality improvement
-System of internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an emergency medical system
-Goals are to identify those aspects of the system that can be improved and to implement plans and programs
, that will remedy any shortcomings
Standing Orders Answer - -Subset of protocols that don't require real-time physician input
-Sometimes can be performed if communication cannot be established or is lost with medical direction.
Describe lessons learned in trauma care from experiences in Koren and Vietnam conflicts Answer - -It was
obvious that injured war soldiers in these wars benefited from emergency care in the field prior to transport
-This helped the civilian EMS system evolve immensely
Describe The Publication of Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society Answer -
-AKA the white paper
-Detailed the number of deaths and injuries related to traffic crashes in the United States.
-Also detailed severe deficiencies in the delivery of pre-hospital care in the US and made recommendations
intended to change ambulance systems, training requirements, and the provision of pre-hospital care.
Highway Safety Act of 1966 Answer - -Required each state to establish a highway safety program that met
prescribed federal standards and included emergency services.
Emergency Medical Services Act of 1973 Answer - -Provided access to millions of dollars of funding geared to
EMS system planning and implementation, personnel availability, and training.
Public CPR Courses Answer - -Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
-American Heart Association began to teach CPR and basic life support to the public.
Publication of the National Emergency Medical Services Education and Practice Blueprint Answer - -Defined
issues related to EMS training and education and was intended to guide the development of national training
curricula.
Publication of EMS Agenda For The Future and The EMS Education Agenda For The Future: A Systems Approach
Answer - EMS Agenda For The Future:
