Communication →
UPWARD COMMUNICATION
→ Seasoned executives
Upward Communication
→
→
→
→ Ideal:
→ →
Attitude Surveys
Serial Communication
➢
➢ drawbacks
→
MUM (Minimize Unpleasant Messages) Effect
→
→
→
→ →
Focus Groups
communication channels
→
→
, Exit Interviews →
→
Union Steward
Suggestion/Complaints Boxes
→ DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
Downward Communication
→
→
→
→
→
Third-Party Facilitators Bulletin Boards
→
Liaison
→ in-house
message networks,
Ombudsperson
Policy Manual
→ Advantage:
→ →
→
→ ombudsperson method →
→ Policy Manual
union steward.