Essential Communication Final Exam
Questions and Correct Answers, Complete
solution, 2024
Social exchange theory
A model that suggests that we stay with people who can give us rewards that are
greater than or equal to the costs we encounter in dealing with them.
Family
People who share affection and resources as a family and who think of themselves and
present themselves as a family, regardless of their genetic commonality.
Conversation
A family communication pattern in which members are encouraged to communicate
openly about rules and expectations.
Conformity
A family communication pattern in which members are expected to adhere to an
established set of rules, beliefs, and values.
Authoritarian
An approach in which parents are strict and demanding and expect unquestioning
obedience.
Authoritative
An approach in which parents are firm, clear, and strict, but encourage children to
communicate openly with them.
Permissive
An approach in which parents are open to dialogue but do not require children to follow
many rules.
Intimacy
A state of closeness between people that can be manifested physically, intellectually,
emotionally, and via shared activities.
Developmental model (of relational maintenance)
Proposes that relationships develop, maintain stability, and come apart in stages that
reflect different levels of intimacy.
Relational maintenance
The process of keeping stable relationships operating smoothly and satisfactorily.
Dialectical model (of relational maintenance)
A model claiming that, throughout their lifetime, people in virtually all interpersonal
relationships must deal with equally important, simultaneous, and opposing forces such
as connection and autonomy, predictability and novelty, and openness versus privacy.
Compromise
An approach to conflict resolution in which both parties attain at least part of what they
seek through self-sacrifice.
Altruistic lie
Deception intended to be nonmalicious, or even helpful, to the person to whom it is told.
Equivocation
, Language with more than one likely interpretation.
Hinting
Saying something to bring about a desired response without asking for it directly.
Omission
A type of deception in which one person withholds information that another person
deserves to know.
Fabrication
A message in which the speaker deliberately misleads another person in a mean-
spirited or manipulative way.
Nonassertion
The inability or unwillingness to express one's thoughts or feelings.
Directly aggressive message
An expression of the sender's thoughts or feelings, or both, that attacks the position and
dignity of the receiver.
Passive aggression
An indirect expression of aggression, delivered in a way that allows the sender to
maintain a facade of kindness.
Indirect communication
Hinting a message instead of expressing thoughts and feelings directly.
Assertive communication
A style that directly expresses the sender's needs, thoughts, or feelings, delivered in a
way that does not attack the receiver's dignity.
Criticism
Personal, all-encompassing, and accusatory messages.
Contempt
Reflects the speaker's negative attitude or opinion toward another person.
Defensiveness
Striking back when one feels attacked by another.
Stonewalling
A form of avoidance in which one person refuses to engage with the other.
Win-win problem solving
A means of resolving conflict in which the goal is a solution that satisfies both people's
needs.
Networking
The strategic process of deliberately meeting people and maintaining contacts.
Informational interview
A structured meeting in which you seek answers from a source whose knowledge can
help enhance your success.
Selection interview
A formal meeting (in person or via communication technology) to exchange information
that may occur when you are being considered for employment or being evaluated for
promotion or reassignment.
Behavioral interview
A formal meeting (in person or via communication technology) to exchange information
about an applicant's past performance as it relates to the job at hand.
Downward communication
Questions and Correct Answers, Complete
solution, 2024
Social exchange theory
A model that suggests that we stay with people who can give us rewards that are
greater than or equal to the costs we encounter in dealing with them.
Family
People who share affection and resources as a family and who think of themselves and
present themselves as a family, regardless of their genetic commonality.
Conversation
A family communication pattern in which members are encouraged to communicate
openly about rules and expectations.
Conformity
A family communication pattern in which members are expected to adhere to an
established set of rules, beliefs, and values.
Authoritarian
An approach in which parents are strict and demanding and expect unquestioning
obedience.
Authoritative
An approach in which parents are firm, clear, and strict, but encourage children to
communicate openly with them.
Permissive
An approach in which parents are open to dialogue but do not require children to follow
many rules.
Intimacy
A state of closeness between people that can be manifested physically, intellectually,
emotionally, and via shared activities.
Developmental model (of relational maintenance)
Proposes that relationships develop, maintain stability, and come apart in stages that
reflect different levels of intimacy.
Relational maintenance
The process of keeping stable relationships operating smoothly and satisfactorily.
Dialectical model (of relational maintenance)
A model claiming that, throughout their lifetime, people in virtually all interpersonal
relationships must deal with equally important, simultaneous, and opposing forces such
as connection and autonomy, predictability and novelty, and openness versus privacy.
Compromise
An approach to conflict resolution in which both parties attain at least part of what they
seek through self-sacrifice.
Altruistic lie
Deception intended to be nonmalicious, or even helpful, to the person to whom it is told.
Equivocation
, Language with more than one likely interpretation.
Hinting
Saying something to bring about a desired response without asking for it directly.
Omission
A type of deception in which one person withholds information that another person
deserves to know.
Fabrication
A message in which the speaker deliberately misleads another person in a mean-
spirited or manipulative way.
Nonassertion
The inability or unwillingness to express one's thoughts or feelings.
Directly aggressive message
An expression of the sender's thoughts or feelings, or both, that attacks the position and
dignity of the receiver.
Passive aggression
An indirect expression of aggression, delivered in a way that allows the sender to
maintain a facade of kindness.
Indirect communication
Hinting a message instead of expressing thoughts and feelings directly.
Assertive communication
A style that directly expresses the sender's needs, thoughts, or feelings, delivered in a
way that does not attack the receiver's dignity.
Criticism
Personal, all-encompassing, and accusatory messages.
Contempt
Reflects the speaker's negative attitude or opinion toward another person.
Defensiveness
Striking back when one feels attacked by another.
Stonewalling
A form of avoidance in which one person refuses to engage with the other.
Win-win problem solving
A means of resolving conflict in which the goal is a solution that satisfies both people's
needs.
Networking
The strategic process of deliberately meeting people and maintaining contacts.
Informational interview
A structured meeting in which you seek answers from a source whose knowledge can
help enhance your success.
Selection interview
A formal meeting (in person or via communication technology) to exchange information
that may occur when you are being considered for employment or being evaluated for
promotion or reassignment.
Behavioral interview
A formal meeting (in person or via communication technology) to exchange information
about an applicant's past performance as it relates to the job at hand.
Downward communication
