AICP Exam Prep - Theories/Movements
Ladder of Participation - answer Sherry Arnstein, Bottom of ladder {non participation
- Manipulation, Therapy.} Middle of ladder {Degrees of Tokensim - Informing,
Consultation, Placation}
Top of ladder {Degrees of Citizen Power - Partnership, Delegated Power, Citizen
Control}
Types of Planning Theory - answer 1. Theories of Urban Development (how cities
grow).
2. Theories of Planning Practice (How planners perform their work).
Theories of Urban Development - answer Patterns within a city {Concentric Circle,
Sector, Multi-Nuclei}
Size and spacing of cites {Central Place}
Concentric Circle Theory - answer Theory of urban development. Developed by
sociologist Ernest Burgess and Robert Park in 1925. Invasion and succession - growth
happens by land uses expanding outward from one area to another. Cities grow in
rings, land uses are based on distance from downtown, 5 rings in his theory:
1. CBD
2. Industrial
3. Transition (industry & low income)
4. Blue collar homes
5. White Collar homes
Sector Theory - answer Theory of urban development. Developed by Homer Hoyt in
1939. Hoyt was a realtor. Land uses vary based on transportation routes, not just from
CBD. City is a series of sectors radiating out from center. Industry follows rail lines, high
end residential follows pretty streets or lakefront, commercial follows thoroughfares.
Multiple Nuclei Theory - answer Theory of urban development. Developed by
Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman in 1945 in article called 'Nature of Cities' Similar
industries with common land use and financial requirements will est. near each other,
other uses will cluster due to land prices, repelling power of other uses, etc. The number
and kind of nuclei mark growth. Theory formed based on idea of increased movement
due to increased car ownership.
Central Place Theory - answer Theory of urban development, unique from others
because it addresses growth of a region. Explains size and spacing of cities, not just
Ladder of Participation - answer Sherry Arnstein, Bottom of ladder {non participation
- Manipulation, Therapy.} Middle of ladder {Degrees of Tokensim - Informing,
Consultation, Placation}
Top of ladder {Degrees of Citizen Power - Partnership, Delegated Power, Citizen
Control}
Types of Planning Theory - answer 1. Theories of Urban Development (how cities
grow).
2. Theories of Planning Practice (How planners perform their work).
Theories of Urban Development - answer Patterns within a city {Concentric Circle,
Sector, Multi-Nuclei}
Size and spacing of cites {Central Place}
Concentric Circle Theory - answer Theory of urban development. Developed by
sociologist Ernest Burgess and Robert Park in 1925. Invasion and succession - growth
happens by land uses expanding outward from one area to another. Cities grow in
rings, land uses are based on distance from downtown, 5 rings in his theory:
1. CBD
2. Industrial
3. Transition (industry & low income)
4. Blue collar homes
5. White Collar homes
Sector Theory - answer Theory of urban development. Developed by Homer Hoyt in
1939. Hoyt was a realtor. Land uses vary based on transportation routes, not just from
CBD. City is a series of sectors radiating out from center. Industry follows rail lines, high
end residential follows pretty streets or lakefront, commercial follows thoroughfares.
Multiple Nuclei Theory - answer Theory of urban development. Developed by
Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman in 1945 in article called 'Nature of Cities' Similar
industries with common land use and financial requirements will est. near each other,
other uses will cluster due to land prices, repelling power of other uses, etc. The number
and kind of nuclei mark growth. Theory formed based on idea of increased movement
due to increased car ownership.
Central Place Theory - answer Theory of urban development, unique from others
because it addresses growth of a region. Explains size and spacing of cities, not just
