TESOL Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (VERIFIED A+)

TESOL Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (VERIFIED A+) Florida Consent Decree plaintiffs; defendants - Answer- League of United Latin American Citizens; State Board of Education, FL Purpose of Florida Consent Decree - Answer- Addresses the civil rights of English language learners. Equal access to all education programs Section I of the Florida Consent Decree - Answer- Identification and Assessment: 1. Definition of a LEP/ELL 2. Initial identification survey 3. Assessment to determine eligibility for appropriate services and funding 4. Programmatic assessment 5. Classification and re-classification 6. Post reclassification monitoring Section II of the Florida Consent Decree - Answer- Equal Access to Appropriate Programming: 1. Principle 2. State Approval of Appropriate District Instructional Programming for LEP Students 3. Basic ESOL instruction 4. ESOL and Home language instructional strategies in basic subject areas 5. Parental involvement Section III of the Florida Consent Decree - Answer- Equal Access to Appropriate Categorical and other Programs for ELL Students: 1. Categorical programs 2. Equal access for immigrant students 3. Home-school communication 4. Discipline Section IV of the Florida Consent Decree - Answer- Personnel: 1. ESOL endorsement 2. Timeline for Compliance 3. Stipulation Section V of the Florida Consent Decree - Answer- Monitoring Issues: 1. Program Compliance Monitoring 2. Complaints Section VI of the Florida Consent Decree - Answer- Outcome measures: 1. Equal access 2. Program effectiveness Pyler v. Doe - Answer- All people regardless of immigration status and whether or not they are legal aliens, are guaranteed due process of law. Issue #3 Lau v. Nichols - Answer- Students should not be expected to have basic English skills before they receive instruction, nor should they be denied instruction or given the same materials and resources as English speaking students- that is not "equal treatment". Issue #2,3 Castaneda v. Pickard - Answer- Defined adequate instruction: 1. Based on sound educational theory 2. Adequate resources and personnel 3. Adequately monitors the effectiveness of the program and modifies the program as necessary. Issue #2,3,4,5,6 TESOL Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (VERIFIED A+) Florida Educational Equity Act - Answer- Any public class, program, service, etc. that receives financial assistance from the state will be available to all students regardless of race, national origin, sex, handicap or marital status. Issue #3 Definition of a LEP/ELL - Answer- Difficulty speaking, reading, writing, or listening in English and gets in the way of learning; language other than English spoken at home; american indian or alaskan native; not born in US and native language is not English Initial identification survey - Answer- 1. Is a language other than English spoken at home? 2. Did the student have a first language other than English? 3. Does the student most frequently speak a language other than English? If yes to any, tested. If no to all, regular classroom Assessment process in FCD - Answer- 1. Survey- if yes to one or more questions, tested. If no, regular classroom. 2. Testing- K-3: English speaking and listening; 4-12: English speaking, listening, reading, writing. 3. Pass testing (score above the 32nd% on reading and writing) - regular classroom. Fail testing- LEP committee to determine a plan. Who does the LEP committee consist of? - Answer- Principal, guidance counselors, teacher, parents, etc- anyone who works with the child in the school All eligible students receive funding in the ESOL program for... - Answer- Up to 6 years Assessment is completed within... - Answer- 4 weeks Process once in the ESOL program - Answer- 1. LEP student is re-assessed annually to determine English proficiency 2. Pass- re-classification. Don't pass- stay in program Re-classification program - Answer- After exiting the ESOL program, students are reviewed at their first report card, semi-annually during first year after exiting, and at the end of the second year after exiting Adequate Instruction - Answer- 1. Based on sound educational theory 2. Adequate resources and personnel 3. Adequately monitors the effectiveness of the program and modifies the program as necessary Phonology - Answer- Study of sound systems that deals with pronunciation rules in a language. Issues for ELL's: children growing up in their first language environment have formed only the connections in the brain for their native sounds; contractions, "dropping" of sounds, and changing of sounds Morphology - Answer- Study of word formation that deals with the internal structure of words in a language. 2 types of morphemes: free and bound. ex: free: re-turn, re-place, bound: record, refuse. Issues for ELL's: spelling and grammar Syntax - Answer- The word order in a language. Issues for ELL's: Ambiguity- lexical (when words have multiple denotative or connotative meanings depending on the situational context) and structural. Word order: English is SVO, Korean is SOV, and Irish is VSO Semantics - Answer- The meaning of words. Issues for ELL's: Must have the appropriate cultural knowledge to process language as well as relevant real-world knowledge Behaviorism - Answer- Theory of first language acquisition. B.F. Skinner: language learning is a culturally determined and learned behavior. Learners learn by undergoing training and practice through a series of stimulus and response chains and operant conditioning. Baby babble: stimulus. Parent celebrating: response. Fails to account for how children can produce novel utterances thy have never heard before. Nativist/Mentalist perspective - Answer- Theory of first language acquisition. Noam Chomsky. Believes language learning is biologically determined: each person is born with an innate ability to learn language. Chomsky refers to it as the Language Acquisition Device. Also states that children actively listen to the language around them and try to determine the patterns in the utterances. Argues that the child will not respond to error correction if the child isn't developmentally ready. Fails to account for adults correcting children: the theory that children simply figure out the rules on their own may lack support Social Interactionist - Answer- Theory of first language acquisition. Lev Vygotsky. Believe that human language emerged from the social role that language plays in human interaction. Views learners as participants who are actively negotiating meaning with those with whom they interact. Vygotsky believed learners bring two levels of development to their learning: actual developmental level and a potential " ". Referred to as the Zone of Proximal Development. Krashen's Monitor Model - Answer- Model of second language acquisition. Stephen Krashen. Outlines five hypotheses: 1. Acquisition vs. Learning Hypothesis 2. The Natural Order Hypothesis 3. The Monitor Hypothesis 4. The Input Hypothesis 5. The Affective Filter Hypothesis Krashen's MM Acquisition vs. Learning Hypothesis - Answer- Learning = formal knowledge of a language (rules). Acquisition = language acquired at the subconscious level. Communicating meaning is more important than drill and practice. Learners are given time to internalize language before they respond. Partial and incomplete utterances are acceptable. Krashen's MM The Natural Order Hypothesis - Answer- Hypothesis: Certain rules within a language are acquired before others. Correct usage of grammatical structures is acquired gradually by children acquiring their first and/or second language. Applications: Grammatical structures need not be the center of curriculum organization. Problemsolving structures will promote acquiring of rules. Krashen's MM The Monitor Hypothesis - Answer- Hypothesis: An error-detecting mechanism that is responsible for accuracy. It is an editor that confirms or repairs student utterances. There are 3 types: optimal, overusers, and underusers. Overusers refer to conscious grammar all the time. Underusers do not refer to their conscious grammar at all, and optimal monitor when to focus on form. Applications: Students may not internalize teachers' explicit corrections because of their developing grammatical system. Students should be given time to correct their own errors. Krashen's MM The Input Hypothesis - Answer- Hypothesis: Language is acquired when learners understand messages (comprehensible input.) Applications: Teachers should provide comprehensible input in many forms. ex: visuals, less complex structures, paraphrases, etc. Krashen's MM The Affective Filter - Answer- Hypothesis: Emotional variables such as anxiety, motivation, and self-confidence play a par in language acquisition. Applications: A safe and secure environment. Cooperative learning, mutual respect, and high expectations Cummin's Second Language Framework - Answer- Jim Cummins: makes a distinction between social language and academic language. Developed a 4 quadrant diagram. Quadrant A and C are cognitively undemanding (easy) and Quadrant B and D are cognitively demanding (hard). Quadrant A and B are context-embedded (clues for ELL's) and Quadrant C and D are context-reduced (no clues = harder.) Cummin's Quadrant A and C - Answer- Quadrant A is cognitively undemanding and context-embedded. It includes developing social vocab, following demonstrated directions, playing simple games, face-to-face talking, art, music, PE. Quadrant C is cognitively undemanding but context-reduced. It involves phone calls, and reading and writing for personal purposes Cummin's Quadrant B and D - Answer- Quadrant B is cognitively demanding but context-embedded. It includes science and math activities, maps, models, charts, and graphs, oral presentations, academic presentations through visuals. Quadrant D is cognitively demanding and context-reduced. It involves lectures, formal oral presentations, math word problems, writing essays and research, standardized achievement tests