Samenvatting Physics obv 'Principles of Physics'

Principles of Physics (10th ed.) chapter 2-11, 15, 16, 21, 22, 24, 28, 33-35

Chapter 2 Motion along a straight line




kinematics: the classification and comparison of motions
general properties of motion:
- motion is along a straight line (vertical, horizontal or diagonal)
- forces (pushes/pulls) cause motion
- moving object is a particle or an object that moves like a particle
position is relative to some reference point (often origin)
magnitude = absolute value
𝛥𝑥 = displacement: a vector quantity
vector quantity is a quantity with a direction and a magnitude
𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 = average velocity, dependent on direction
𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑔 = average speed, independent on direction = total distance/𝛥𝑡

, 𝛥𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑣 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑡→0 =
𝛥𝑡 𝑑𝑡
speed is the magnitude of velocity




𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑔 = average acceleration, a vector quantity
𝑑𝑣
𝑎=
𝑑𝑡
1 g unit : g = 9,8 𝑚/𝑠 2
if the signs of the velocity and acceleration of a particle are the same, the speed of the particle increases
if the signs are opposite, the speed decreases




for constant acceleration:
𝑣−𝑣0
- 𝑎 = 𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑡−0
→ 𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑥−𝑥0 1 1
- 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑡−0
→ 𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝑡 → 𝑥 − 𝑥0 = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2 (because 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑣0 + 2 𝑎𝑡)