ANA 442 Exam 1 (Answered) Verified
solution Graded A+
twentieth century
when the bulk of neuroscience knowledge was discovered
Morgan
___________ discovered that genes are hereditary
Cjal
Discovered the neuron doctrine
Oligodendrocytes
glia that wrap CNS axons, forming the myelin sheath
Schwann cells
glia that wrap PNS axons, forming the myelin sheath
Astrocytes
Glia that play roles in development and neuronal communication
Microglia
Glia that plays a role in the immune system
Neurons and glia
the nervous system is made up of __________________________
cell body and dendrites
the receptive component of the neuron
axon
the transmission component of the neuron
axon terminals
the effector component of the neuron
dendrites, cell bodies, axons
the neuronal signal travels from the _________ to the __________ to the
____________
electrical
in an ___________ synapse, membrane potential changes transmit signals across gap
junctions
chemical
in a _____________ synapse, neurotransmitters diffuse from presynaptic neurons
across synapticnclefts to bind to postsynaptic receptors to produce a signal
graded potentials
small changes in membrane potential that by themselves are insufficient to trigger an
action potential, and are induced at postsynaptic sites
neural circuit
interconnected neurons that act together to perform a specific function
Gall
came up with phrenology
, Broca's area
area of the brain associated with producing speech
Wernicke's area
area of the brain associated with language understanding
central dogma
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
F-actin
long hollow cylinders, polar, highly dynamic, made up of g-actin. Highly motile at the
edge of cell, and relatively stable deeper in the cell. They are sensitive to changes in
cellular environments
kinesin
motor proteins in anterograde transport, plus-end
dynein
motor proteins in retrograde transport, minus-end
kinesin and dynein
_____________ direct organelle movement along the microtubules. Composed of two
heavy and two light chains
MAPs
stabilize microtubules and mediate interactions with other cell components
channels
aqueous pores
transporters
gates that open/close
passive transport
movement of substances from high concentration to lower concentration
active transport
movement of materials against their concentration gradient
depolarization
term for getting less negative
hyperpolarization
term for getting more negative
Na/K ATPase pump
_________ maintains the neuronal membrane potential
Nernst equation
E=(RT/zF)ln[extracellular]/[intracellular])
voltage clamp
maintains the voltage at a given level allowing the ionic current flow across the
membrane to be measured
larger, faster
the ___________ the axon, the ____________ the signal propogation
TTX
toxin that blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels
TEA
selective voltage-gated K+ channel blocker
Na
solution Graded A+
twentieth century
when the bulk of neuroscience knowledge was discovered
Morgan
___________ discovered that genes are hereditary
Cjal
Discovered the neuron doctrine
Oligodendrocytes
glia that wrap CNS axons, forming the myelin sheath
Schwann cells
glia that wrap PNS axons, forming the myelin sheath
Astrocytes
Glia that play roles in development and neuronal communication
Microglia
Glia that plays a role in the immune system
Neurons and glia
the nervous system is made up of __________________________
cell body and dendrites
the receptive component of the neuron
axon
the transmission component of the neuron
axon terminals
the effector component of the neuron
dendrites, cell bodies, axons
the neuronal signal travels from the _________ to the __________ to the
____________
electrical
in an ___________ synapse, membrane potential changes transmit signals across gap
junctions
chemical
in a _____________ synapse, neurotransmitters diffuse from presynaptic neurons
across synapticnclefts to bind to postsynaptic receptors to produce a signal
graded potentials
small changes in membrane potential that by themselves are insufficient to trigger an
action potential, and are induced at postsynaptic sites
neural circuit
interconnected neurons that act together to perform a specific function
Gall
came up with phrenology
, Broca's area
area of the brain associated with producing speech
Wernicke's area
area of the brain associated with language understanding
central dogma
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
F-actin
long hollow cylinders, polar, highly dynamic, made up of g-actin. Highly motile at the
edge of cell, and relatively stable deeper in the cell. They are sensitive to changes in
cellular environments
kinesin
motor proteins in anterograde transport, plus-end
dynein
motor proteins in retrograde transport, minus-end
kinesin and dynein
_____________ direct organelle movement along the microtubules. Composed of two
heavy and two light chains
MAPs
stabilize microtubules and mediate interactions with other cell components
channels
aqueous pores
transporters
gates that open/close
passive transport
movement of substances from high concentration to lower concentration
active transport
movement of materials against their concentration gradient
depolarization
term for getting less negative
hyperpolarization
term for getting more negative
Na/K ATPase pump
_________ maintains the neuronal membrane potential
Nernst equation
E=(RT/zF)ln[extracellular]/[intracellular])
voltage clamp
maintains the voltage at a given level allowing the ionic current flow across the
membrane to be measured
larger, faster
the ___________ the axon, the ____________ the signal propogation
TTX
toxin that blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels
TEA
selective voltage-gated K+ channel blocker
Na
