Sociology Unit 1 - Family and Households Exam With Complete Solutions 2024

Sociology Unit 1 - Family and Households Exam With Complete Solutions 2024Sociology Unit 1 - Family and Households Exam With Complete Solutions 2024 Functionalist perspective of the family - Key Figures - correct answer-Parsons, Murdock, Murray Murdock 1949 - correct answer-- Suggests the nuclear family is a very important social institution and plays vital roles in maintaining society and is universal - Believes it has four vital functions 1) Sexual - reinforces socially acceptable relationships 2) Reproductive - stable environment to raise children 3) economic - food and shelter 4) socialisation - norms and values of society to maintain a value consensus 'a group of people who live in the same house. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom have a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted' Criticisms of Murdock - correct answer-- Feminist Ann Oakley found he ignores societies in which gender roles were shared or reversed and that they are not universal they are socially constructed and ignores the dark side of the family - His view relies on sexual division of labour Parsons 1950's - correct answer-- Saw families as being a factory that produces the next batch of citizens and agrees with two of Murdock's vital functions 1) socialisation 2) stablisation of adult personalities. - Also believes it is security to help cope in wider society - Women = expressive roles - Men = instrumental roles Criticisms of Parsons - correct answer-- Some female roles are instrumental traditionally e.g. cooking - Men are able and can take on expressive roles - No reason why men and women shouldn't share roles in modern society New Right / Murray - correct answer-New Right want a return to traditional values due to decline of the nuclear family and there is now uncontrollable children / single parents - Murray belief in the underclass who are lower by the working class usually engage in anti social behaviours such as drug taking , unemployed Criticisms of Murray - correct answer-- The underclass is a small minority - Stigmatises benefits - Labelling and steoreotyping and ignores ruling class behaviour Marxist perspective - Overview and Key figures - correct answer-- Believe it is an ISA that reinforces ruling class ideology and the family reproduces unequal relationships - Engels , Zaretsky and Marx Engels - correct answer-- Suggests marriage began with early capitalism because wealth began to be passed down to children and men controlled the women in order to ensure that the child was theirs so therefore creating marriage bonds Zaretsky - correct answer-- Blamed economic development and argues when child labour stopped women stayed at home and therefore men became breadwinners - Industrial jobs were unsatisfactory so women were a source of comfort in the home and consumer goods were bought - Came up with a solution that the care of children should be done by neighborhood services Criticisms of Zaretsky - correct answer-- Sommerville argues that the home was not a refuge from captialism - it was often dirty,damp and crowded and women often had to work Marx - correct answer-- Believes society is dominated by the ruling class and the family teaches the working class to exploit their exploited position - Wants a communist society - Believes wealth being passed down reinforces inequality - Families socialise children to be obedient and hardworking Criticisms of Marx - correct answer-- Not all families believe in hardwork as there is social mobility - Communist societies are often more exploitative Feminist Perspective - overview and Key types - correct answer-- Critical of the family because women are exploited as unpaid domestic workers with low expectations outside the home - Domestic abuse and dual burden and gender socialisation - Marxist, Radical, Liberal and Third Wave Marxist feminists - correct answer-- Look at the effects of capitalism - Believe women are doubley exploited - Role of the family is to support capitalism - Beechey believed that women were the reserve army of labour - Ansley believed in the trip shift = domestic, work, children Radical feminists - correct answer-- Believe changes are neccessary to end the exploitation of women - Role of the family is to maintain patriarchy and oppress women - Political lesbianism