MULTIDIMENSIONAL CARE 2 EXAM LATEST
2024 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS (DETAILED ANSWERS)|ALREADY
GRADED A+
When acid base is balanced it is characterized by? - ANSWER-fluid
containing equal number of positive charges, ions with negative
charges
Changes in acid base balance can affect - ANSWER--shape of
hormones and enzymes
-distribution of other electrolytes
-excitable membranes
-effectiveness of hormones and drugs
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) measures - ANSWER-the acidity (pH) and
the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery
what are 3 parts to an ABG - ANSWER--pH 7.35-7.45
-Co2 35-45 (this is an acid) (higher the number more acidic)
-Hco3 22-26 (bicarb)
,Respiratory issue= - ANSWER-renal system compensates
Metabolic issue= - ANSWER-lungs compensate
if pH and Co2 same side= - ANSWER-respiratory issue
if pH and HCo3 same side= - ANSWER-metabolic issue
Compensated means - ANSWER-the pH is normal
pH#low H#high = - ANSWER-acidic
pH#high H#low= - ANSWER-alkalotic
If you kick up the pH what goes down - ANSWER-the acidosis
too much Co2 retained= - ANSWER-respiratory acidosis
too much Co2 excreted= - ANSWER-respiratory alkalosis
too much acid= - ANSWER-Metabolic acidosis
too much base= - ANSWER-alkalosis
,Acids: - ANSWER-release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
Bases: - ANSWER-bind with hydrogen ions in solutions
buffers: - ANSWER-critical in maintaining normal body fluid pH
body fluid chemistry: - ANSWER--bicarbonate ions (HCO3)
-Relationship between CO2 and hydrogen ions
-Calculation of free hydrogen ion level
Acids cause: - ANSWER--incomplete breakdown of glucose
-breakdown of protein and fats
-destruction of cells
Bicarbonate: - ANSWER--weak base
-major buffer of extracellular fluid (ECF)
-From intestinal absorption of ingested bicarbonate into ECF
-From kidney absorption and breakdown of carbonic acid
-Level is typically 20 times greater than that of carbonic acid
-70-80% is excreted in the stool
When chemical/metabolic buffers can not prevent blood pH changes
what is the second line of defense? - ANSWER-respiratory system
, how does the respiratory system buffer? - ANSWER-
hyperventilation/hypoventilation
What is the 3rd line of defense against pH changes? - ANSWER-
kidneys
What can cause metabolic acidosis? - ANSWER--diabetic ketoacidsosi
-renal failure
-diarrhea
-Ileostomy
-Hyperthyroidism
-Pancreatitis
-Liver failure
-Dehydration
-Seizure activity
-Ethanol intoxication
-Aspirin toxicity
Laboratory assessment of Metabolic Acidosis - ANSWER--pH<7.35
-Bicarbonate <21 mEq/L
-PaO2 normal
-PaCO2 normal or slightly decreased
-Serum potassium high*
2024 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS (DETAILED ANSWERS)|ALREADY
GRADED A+
When acid base is balanced it is characterized by? - ANSWER-fluid
containing equal number of positive charges, ions with negative
charges
Changes in acid base balance can affect - ANSWER--shape of
hormones and enzymes
-distribution of other electrolytes
-excitable membranes
-effectiveness of hormones and drugs
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) measures - ANSWER-the acidity (pH) and
the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery
what are 3 parts to an ABG - ANSWER--pH 7.35-7.45
-Co2 35-45 (this is an acid) (higher the number more acidic)
-Hco3 22-26 (bicarb)
,Respiratory issue= - ANSWER-renal system compensates
Metabolic issue= - ANSWER-lungs compensate
if pH and Co2 same side= - ANSWER-respiratory issue
if pH and HCo3 same side= - ANSWER-metabolic issue
Compensated means - ANSWER-the pH is normal
pH#low H#high = - ANSWER-acidic
pH#high H#low= - ANSWER-alkalotic
If you kick up the pH what goes down - ANSWER-the acidosis
too much Co2 retained= - ANSWER-respiratory acidosis
too much Co2 excreted= - ANSWER-respiratory alkalosis
too much acid= - ANSWER-Metabolic acidosis
too much base= - ANSWER-alkalosis
,Acids: - ANSWER-release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
Bases: - ANSWER-bind with hydrogen ions in solutions
buffers: - ANSWER-critical in maintaining normal body fluid pH
body fluid chemistry: - ANSWER--bicarbonate ions (HCO3)
-Relationship between CO2 and hydrogen ions
-Calculation of free hydrogen ion level
Acids cause: - ANSWER--incomplete breakdown of glucose
-breakdown of protein and fats
-destruction of cells
Bicarbonate: - ANSWER--weak base
-major buffer of extracellular fluid (ECF)
-From intestinal absorption of ingested bicarbonate into ECF
-From kidney absorption and breakdown of carbonic acid
-Level is typically 20 times greater than that of carbonic acid
-70-80% is excreted in the stool
When chemical/metabolic buffers can not prevent blood pH changes
what is the second line of defense? - ANSWER-respiratory system
, how does the respiratory system buffer? - ANSWER-
hyperventilation/hypoventilation
What is the 3rd line of defense against pH changes? - ANSWER-
kidneys
What can cause metabolic acidosis? - ANSWER--diabetic ketoacidsosi
-renal failure
-diarrhea
-Ileostomy
-Hyperthyroidism
-Pancreatitis
-Liver failure
-Dehydration
-Seizure activity
-Ethanol intoxication
-Aspirin toxicity
Laboratory assessment of Metabolic Acidosis - ANSWER--pH<7.35
-Bicarbonate <21 mEq/L
-PaO2 normal
-PaCO2 normal or slightly decreased
-Serum potassium high*
