14.1 ECONOMIC TRANSITION – NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Contents
SPEC ................................................................................................................... 3
4.1 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................ 4
ECONOMIC SECTORS ............................................................................................. 4
PRODUCT CHAIN ................................................................................................... 5
HOW EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURES HAVE CHANGED OVER TIME, & THEIR ROLE IN
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................... 5
OUTSOURCING .................................................................................................. 8
EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE: THE FUTURE .................................................................. 8
TELEWORKING ................................................................................................... 8
GLOBAL INEQUALITIES IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC WELBEING .................................. 9
THE NATURE, DISTRIBUTION, AND CAUSES OF INEQUALITY .................................... 10
EXPLAINING THE DEVELOPMENT GAP: CAUSES OF INEQUALITY ............................... 11
CONSEQUENCES OF THE DEVELOPMENT GAP ......................................................... 12
HOW WE MEASURE DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................ 13
ECONIOMIC MEASURMENTS OF DEVELOPMENT .................................................... 13
SOCIAL MEASURES OF DEVELOPMENT ................................................................ 14
COMPOSITE MEASURES OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT .............................................. 15
KEY MEASURES COMPARISON ............................................................................ 16
CURRENT DEVELEOPMENT ................................................................................. 17
FACTORS AFFECTING RATES OF DEVELOPMENT ................................................... 17
DIFFERENT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT .................................................................. 18
DEVELOPMENT THEORIES ................................................................................. 19
ROSTOW’S TAKE OFF MODEL (MODERNISATION THEORY) .................................... 19
14.2 GLOBALISATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ............................................... 20
GLOBALISATION AND INTERNATIONALISATION ...................................................... 21
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR GLOBALISATION: .................................................... 22
THE ADVANTAGES FOR ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN WORKING AT THE GLOBAL SCALE .. 22
TNCs AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ............................................................. 23
PATTERNS OF FDI ............................................................................................ 23
TRANSITIONING ECONOMIES ............................................................................... 23
TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS (TNCS).............................................................. 24
ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF TNC’S ........................................................................ 24
FACTORS AFFECTING THE GROWTH OF TNC’S ..................................................... 25
CONTRASTING SPATIAL AND ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES............................... 26
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DEVELOPMENT
Contents
SPEC ................................................................................................................... 3
4.1 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................ 4
ECONOMIC SECTORS ............................................................................................. 4
PRODUCT CHAIN ................................................................................................... 5
HOW EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURES HAVE CHANGED OVER TIME, & THEIR ROLE IN
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................... 5
OUTSOURCING .................................................................................................. 8
EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE: THE FUTURE .................................................................. 8
TELEWORKING ................................................................................................... 8
GLOBAL INEQUALITIES IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC WELBEING .................................. 9
THE NATURE, DISTRIBUTION, AND CAUSES OF INEQUALITY .................................... 10
EXPLAINING THE DEVELOPMENT GAP: CAUSES OF INEQUALITY ............................... 11
CONSEQUENCES OF THE DEVELOPMENT GAP ......................................................... 12
HOW WE MEASURE DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................ 13
ECONIOMIC MEASURMENTS OF DEVELOPMENT .................................................... 13
SOCIAL MEASURES OF DEVELOPMENT ................................................................ 14
COMPOSITE MEASURES OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT .............................................. 15
KEY MEASURES COMPARISON ............................................................................ 16
CURRENT DEVELEOPMENT ................................................................................. 17
FACTORS AFFECTING RATES OF DEVELOPMENT ................................................... 17
DIFFERENT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT .................................................................. 18
DEVELOPMENT THEORIES ................................................................................. 19
ROSTOW’S TAKE OFF MODEL (MODERNISATION THEORY) .................................... 19
14.2 GLOBALISATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ............................................... 20
GLOBALISATION AND INTERNATIONALISATION ...................................................... 21
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR GLOBALISATION: .................................................... 22
THE ADVANTAGES FOR ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN WORKING AT THE GLOBAL SCALE .. 22
TNCs AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ............................................................. 23
PATTERNS OF FDI ............................................................................................ 23
TRANSITIONING ECONOMIES ............................................................................... 23
TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS (TNCS).............................................................. 24
ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF TNC’S ........................................................................ 24
FACTORS AFFECTING THE GROWTH OF TNC’S ..................................................... 25
CONTRASTING SPATIAL AND ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES............................... 26
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