NSG 251: Pharmacology and Dosage with Lab Module 1 Lilley Text: Chapters 1-7 Exam Questions And Answers 2024

NSG 251: Pharmacology and Dosage with Lab Module 1 Lilley Text: Chapters 1-7 Exam Questions And Answers 2024· Define pharmacology- - correct answer-the study or science of drugs · Chemical Drugs- - correct answer-describes the drug chemical compositions and molecular structure. · Describe how drugs work on the body- - correct answer-They can interfere with microorganisms (germs) that invade your body, destroy abnormal cells that cause cancer, replace deficient substances (such as hormones or vitamins), or change the way that cells work in your body. · Absorption- - correct answer-is the movement of a drug from its site administration into the blood stream for distribution to the tissues. Distribution- - correct answer-refers to the transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action · Metabolism- - correct answer-is also referred to as biotransformation. It involves the biochemical alteration of a drug into inactive metabolite. · Excretion- - correct answer-is the elimination of drugs from the body. · Generic Drug- - correct answer-name or nonproprietary name. is often shorter and simpler than the chemical drug · Trade Name- - correct answer-proprietary name, is the drug's registered trademark, and indicates that it commercial use to restricted to the owner of the patent for the drug. · Explain pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic changes related to age in the young and the older adult- - correct answer-in the past, drug data was obtained from the young Caucasian male, no race, gender data was originally collected. It is now known that drug responses vary by racial or ethnic group. Some metabolize drugs faster, some slower, may have more risk of adverse effects, or no response from drug therapy at all · Describe the drug approval process- - correct answer-FDA Drug-Approval Process. A pharmaceutical company seeking FDA approval to sell a new prescription drug must complete a five-step process: discovery/concept, preclinical research, clinical research, FDA review and FDA post-market safety monitoring. · Describe the FDA pregnancy/lactation categories - correct answer-FDA pregnancy- estimated that 75 percent of currently approved drugs lack FDA approval for pediatric use and therefore lack specific dosage guidelines for neonates and children. Lactation Categories- there are five categories in the lactation. - correct answer-Category A- Studies indicate no risk to the human fetus Category B- Studies indicate no risk to animal fetus, information for humans in not available Category C- Adverse effects reported in the animal fetus, information for humans is not available Category D- Possible fetal risk in humans has been reported, and positive evidence of fetal risk in humans is available from animal and human studies. These drugs are not to be used in pregnant women Category X- Fetal abnormalities have been reported, and positive evidence of fetal risk in humans is available from animals and human studies. These drugs are not to be used in pregnant women. · Discuss the various cultural and race/ethnic factors that may influence client use and response to medications - correct answer-Same drug has different effects in people of different races and cultures. Significant factors effecting drugs action include age, gender, and weight Other factors influencing drug action include the environment (diet and nutrition), culture (past experience with meds, self/family expectations, educational level, use of herbals/homeopathic medications), genetics, economics, and adherence to therapy · prescription drugs- - correct answer-A drug requiring a prescription Herbal medicine- the practice of using herbs to heal. Dietary Supplement- a product that contains an ingredient intended to supplement the diet, including vitamins, mineral, herbs, or other botanicals. Over- the -counter drugs- - correct answer-drugs available to consumers without a prescription. Also called nonprescription drugs. · Identify common medications errors and consequences- - correct answer-Many medication errors are system or process based and these errors are not "technically" the nurses fault - and example would be look alike packaging of meds, common meds in similar colored vials or another would be the ability to override the ADM · Possible consequences for nurses- - correct answer-Re-education program, Disciplinary action, Suspension/termination, Note of warning in employee record, Violation of nurse practice act, Suspension of license, Revoked license, Lawsuit · Discuss the use of the Nursing process framework to assess, plan, implement, and evaluate a regimen for clients receiving medications - correct answer-Assessment- to gather data, reviewed and analyzed