2024 LATEST High Acuity Nursing Test 2 (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

Cardiac Output The amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute. Formula for Cardiac Output Heart Rate x Stroke Volume Normal Cardiac Output Range 4 - 8 Liters per minute Right Ventricular Wafeforms -Should only be seen during insertion or removal of a PA Catheter -Indicates Improper positioning and puts the patient at an increased risk for the development of dysrhythmias SVR -Systemic Vascular Resistance -Afterload of Left Ventricle Systemic Vascular Resistance The resistance the left ventricle must overcome to open the aortic valve and eject the stroke volume into the aorta Cardiac Index -Cardiac Output divided by Body Surface Area Preload -The pressure or stretch exerted on the walls of the ventricle by the volume of blood filling the ventricle at the end of diastole (ventricular filling) -The volume of blood the heart has to pump Afterload -The resistance to ventricular contraction -The resistance the heart meets when it pumps out its volume Contractility -A property of myocardial muscle fibers that allows them to shorten -The ability of the heart to function as a pump Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Average pressure in the systemic circulation throughout the cardiac cycle. Normal MAP Range 70 - 90 mmHG