Epidemiology Midterm Exam 2024

definition of epidemiology? - The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified time and place. what are the three C's that epidemiologists do? - count compare communicate uses of epidemiololgy? - - helps look for causes of a disease - establish presence of an epidemic - helps identify syndromes and diseases - determines individual risk of disease epidemic definition? - new cases of a disease in a given population and period during a rate that IS GREATER THAN the expected amount of cases of that disease endemic definition? - disease with an ongoing expected level of occurence pandemic definition? - global epidemic (affects multiple countries) what is primary prevention? - preventing the initial development of a disease examples of primary prevention? - - condoms - vaccines- PPE - mosquito repellant what is secondary prevention? - goal is to stop the disease in early stages (before symptoms develop) examples of secondary prevention? - - routine screening tests for diabetes and blood pressure - pap smear what is tertiary prevention? - occurs in advanced/chronic conditions. goals are to limit disabilities from the disease examples of tertiary prevention? - - physical therapy - speech therapy - occupational therapy is obesity contagious? - no its not dont try it epidemiology vs infectious epi? - - infectious epi is two or more populations and regular epi is one population - infectious epi the cause is often known - regular epi the cause is unknown and you gotta find that out how many populations does infectious disease epidemiology work with? - two populationsis there always a cause of a disease in infectious disease epidemiology? - not always what is a vector? - the living organism that transmits and infection like mosquitoes or ticks What is a resevoir? - where the agent (infectious agent) resides in its natural environment R0 is what - the reproduction number what is the epidemiologic triad? - - agent of infection - the host - the environment examples of an agent of infection? - - virus - bacteria how to calculate infectivity? - number infected / number susceptible how to calculate pathogenicity? - number with clinical sign of disease / number infected how to calculate virulence? - number of deaths / number of disease