Epidemiology Final Exam Questions and Answers

what is bias? - error that is built into the study causes the results to be different from the truth (overestimation or underestimation of the association between exposure and outcome) where is the best place to prevent bias during a study? - the design stage (before you even look for results) name the four type of bias common in cross-sectional studies - selection bias interpretation bias recall bias non-response bias name the common types of bias in case-control studies? - selection bias observation bias what are the two types of bias that observation bias encompasses? - recall bias interviewer bias what is selection bias? - bias in how study subjects are selected or excluded from the study (ex. assessing college students then only using hofstra students)what is recall bias? - when the patient recalls information differently when it actually happened common with studies that use surveys or questionnaires what are the two types of selection bias? - control selection bias self-selection bias what is control selection bias? - control patients are selected from a different population that the case patients the case patients should be taken from the same population as the control patients what is self selection bias? - different rates of participating between patients who are cases and patient who are controls participant blind studies help remove this bias bc the patient then doesn't know if they are a control or a case what is diagnostic test bias? - patients get hospitalized differently based on their specific exposure women who take OCPs with a VTE are more likely to be hospitalized what is berkson's bias? - hospital patients are NOT representative of the general population because theyre older and more sick than an average personwhat is prevalence-incidence bias (aka survivor bias)? - estimation of a disease is taken at a specific POINT IN TIME vs information taken over a TIME PERIOD common in cross sectional studies since they are at one point in time