Maternal OB Final Exam Study Guide

HIPAA - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; protects patient privacy Midwives - Healthcare professionals who provide comprehensive care to pregnant women Cultural Competence - The ability to provide care that is sensitive to and respectful of cultural differences Puberty - The stage of development when a female begins to develop breasts Testes - Male reproductive organs that manufacture sperm Sperm Production - The process by which the body creates sperm; can be decreased by heat Ova - Eggs produced by females; all ova are present at birth Gynecoid - The most favorable pelvic shape for vaginal birth Breast Size - The size of breasts does not affect milk production Chromosomes - Sperm contains 23 chromosomes, while ovum contains 23 chromosomesFertilization - The process of the sperm meeting and penetrating the ovum; occurs in the fallopian tubes Zygote - The fertilized egg that implants in the upper section of the posterior uterine wall Embryo - The term for the developing organism from conception until the 9th week of pregnancy Fetus - The term for the developing organism from the 9th week of pregnancy until birth Folic Acid - A vitamin that helps prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus Umbilical Cord - The cord that connects the fetus to the placenta; contains 2 arteries and 1 vein Foramen Ovale - A fetal circulatory structure that diverts most blood from the right atrium directly to the left atrium and bypasses the lungs Prenatal Visits - Visits to the healthcare provider every 4 weeks until 7 months, then every 2 weeks Positive Signs of Pregnancy - Fetal heart rate, visualization, and feeling the baby HCG - Human chorionic gonadotropin; a hormone present in the blood if pregnantNaegele's Rule - A method to estimate the expected delivery date by counting backwards 3 months and adding 7 days to the date of the last normal menstrual period