Health Psychology Chapter 6 +
7.100% ACCURATE GRADE A+
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Stress
Appraising events as harmful, threatening, or challenging, and
assessing one's capacity to respond to those events that are
perceived to tax or exceed one's resources are seen as stressful.
Stressors
Events perceived to be stressful.
who said "A negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable
biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that
are directed either toward altering the stressful event or
accommodation to its effects."
Shelley Taylor
Person-environment Fit
to determine how the results of appraising events (as harmful,
threatening or challenging, asses for potential resources and way of
responding to the event.
relies of primary and secondary appraisal.
The appraisal
view of stress depends on how the person appraises it
was developed
Lazarus
Primary Appraisal
How significant is this event?
The perception of a new or changing environment as beneficial,
neutral, or negative in its consequences; believed to be the first
step in stress and coping.
Secondary Appraisal
Do I have the resources to cope with it?
The assessment of one's coping abilities and resources and the
judgment as to whether they will be sufficient to meet the harm,
threat, or challenge of a new or changing event.
, Harm
The assessment of the damage that has already been done by an event
Threat
The assessment of possible damage that may be brought by an event
Challenge
The potential to overcome and even profit from an event
Criticisms of General Adaptation Syndrome
1) it assigns a very limited role to psychological appraisal of
events, which is important in the determination of stress
2) assumption that responses to stress are uniform
3) Seyle assessed stress as an outcome, such that stress is evident
only when the general adaptation syndrome has runits course
General Adaptation Syndrome? who was it developed by ? and what are
the 3 basic phases ?
Developed by Hans Selye, a profile of how organisms respond to stress;
three basic phases:
1)alarm phase (which promotes sympathetic nervous system activity);
2) a resistance phase (during which the organism makes efforts to
cope with the threat);
3)an exhaustion phase (which occurs if the organism fails to overcome
the threat and depletes its physiological resources)
Fight-or-Flight Response? Who coined it ?
A response to a threat in which the body is rapidly aroused and
motivated via the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system
to attack or flee a threatening stimulus;
Walter Cannon in 1932.
-originally reffered to literally fighting or fleeing stressors
-now fight = aggressive response to stress; flight = social
withdrawal or withdrawal through substance use
Oxytocin ? difference between men and woman?
-stress hormone that is released in response to at least some
stressful events, and its effects are especially influenced by
estrogen, suggesting a role in the response of women to stress
-underlying biological mechanism behind Tend-and-Befriend
-humans with higher levels are calmer and more relaxed, which may
contribute to social and nurturing behavior
-may explain why women tend to turn to others for support in response
to stress more than men
7.100% ACCURATE GRADE A+
GUARANTEED
Stress
Appraising events as harmful, threatening, or challenging, and
assessing one's capacity to respond to those events that are
perceived to tax or exceed one's resources are seen as stressful.
Stressors
Events perceived to be stressful.
who said "A negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable
biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that
are directed either toward altering the stressful event or
accommodation to its effects."
Shelley Taylor
Person-environment Fit
to determine how the results of appraising events (as harmful,
threatening or challenging, asses for potential resources and way of
responding to the event.
relies of primary and secondary appraisal.
The appraisal
view of stress depends on how the person appraises it
was developed
Lazarus
Primary Appraisal
How significant is this event?
The perception of a new or changing environment as beneficial,
neutral, or negative in its consequences; believed to be the first
step in stress and coping.
Secondary Appraisal
Do I have the resources to cope with it?
The assessment of one's coping abilities and resources and the
judgment as to whether they will be sufficient to meet the harm,
threat, or challenge of a new or changing event.
, Harm
The assessment of the damage that has already been done by an event
Threat
The assessment of possible damage that may be brought by an event
Challenge
The potential to overcome and even profit from an event
Criticisms of General Adaptation Syndrome
1) it assigns a very limited role to psychological appraisal of
events, which is important in the determination of stress
2) assumption that responses to stress are uniform
3) Seyle assessed stress as an outcome, such that stress is evident
only when the general adaptation syndrome has runits course
General Adaptation Syndrome? who was it developed by ? and what are
the 3 basic phases ?
Developed by Hans Selye, a profile of how organisms respond to stress;
three basic phases:
1)alarm phase (which promotes sympathetic nervous system activity);
2) a resistance phase (during which the organism makes efforts to
cope with the threat);
3)an exhaustion phase (which occurs if the organism fails to overcome
the threat and depletes its physiological resources)
Fight-or-Flight Response? Who coined it ?
A response to a threat in which the body is rapidly aroused and
motivated via the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system
to attack or flee a threatening stimulus;
Walter Cannon in 1932.
-originally reffered to literally fighting or fleeing stressors
-now fight = aggressive response to stress; flight = social
withdrawal or withdrawal through substance use
Oxytocin ? difference between men and woman?
-stress hormone that is released in response to at least some
stressful events, and its effects are especially influenced by
estrogen, suggesting a role in the response of women to stress
-underlying biological mechanism behind Tend-and-Befriend
-humans with higher levels are calmer and more relaxed, which may
contribute to social and nurturing behavior
-may explain why women tend to turn to others for support in response
to stress more than men
