LATEST Hondros- Nursing 160 exam 1 2 2024

3 routes of drug administration - ANSWER 1. Enteral 2. percutaneous 3. Parenteral Enteral - ANSWER referring to a route of medication administration that uses the GI tract *oral *rectal *NG tube Parenteral - ANSWER bypasses the GI tract *subQ *IM *IV Percutaneous - ANSWER absorbed through skin or mucous membranes *inhalation *topical *sublingual Absorption - ANSWER The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood. Distribution - ANSWER drug is transported through the body by body fluids (bloodstream) or lymphatic system Metabolism - ANSWER where your body is going to breakdown and inactivate drugs *primary site is the liver Excretion - ANSWER elimination of the drug *GI tract(feces) *Renal tubules into the urine *skin, lungs, saliva, breastmilk half-life - ANSWER The amount of time it takes for 50% of elimination from the body why do we use opioids? - ANSWER *acute pain=surgery *chronic pain=cancer *use only in moderate to severe pain *can lead to addiction Opiate side effects - ANSWER constipation, dry mouth, N/V, sweating, confusion, orthostatic hypotension Serious Adverse effects - ANSWER respiratory depression, excessive use/abuse, CNS depression how to monitor pts that take opioids? - ANSWER *pain assessments *goals *observe resp rate *adm small dose just culture - ANSWER seeks to find a balance between the need to learn from mistakes and the need for disciplinary action against employees morphine(G) mscontin(T) - ANSWER *opiate *schedule 2 *side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, anxiety, itching *binds to receptors in the brain to decrease pain. Oxycodone(G) Percoet(T) - ANSWER *opiate *schedule 2 *side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, anxiety, itching *binds to receptors in the brain to decrease pain. Acetaminophen(G) Tylenol(T) - ANSWER *analgesis , antipyretic *BBW: liver failure *side effects: hepatic, jaundice acetaminophen & hydrocodone(G) Norco(T) - ANSWER *opiate *schedule 2 *side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, anxiety, itching *binds to receptors in the brain to decrease pain. what to be aware of with ppl with poor vision? - ANSWER *safety *quality of life *delays in school Cataracts - ANSWER *Clouding of the lens of the eye. *caused by toxins, trauma, drugs Cataracts symptoms - ANSWER blurred vision, diplopia, cant read fine print; Glaucoma - ANSWER increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision open angle glaucoma - ANSWER 90% of cases; drainage channels become clogged (slow) closed angle glaucoma - ANSWER related to a medication that has been take and its a rapid vision loss Glaucoma symptoms - ANSWER headaches, eye pain, seeing halos around lights, blurred vision, high IOP Glaucoma treatment - ANSWER beta blockers to reduce IOP, medical marjuania *tonometry testing (small puff of air) age-related macular degeneration - ANSWER condition in which the center of the retina gradually loses its ability to discern fine details; risk factors for ARMD - ANSWER Family history. Long term exposure to UV light, females, obesity, caucasian, Smoking, light colored eyes. Opthalmascopy - ANSWER magnifying tool that allows doctors to see inside back of eye. diabetic retinopathy - ANSWER caused when high blood sugar levels cause damage to the blood vessels of the retina parethesia - ANSWER feeling of numbness and tingling in the hands and feet. what are some steps we can take to lower our risk of developing cancer? - ANSWER primary 1. smoking