LATEST HOSA Pathophysiology Practice Questions REVISED CORRECTLY 2024

Which layer of the eyeball is inflamed in uveitis? - ANSWER vascular tunic A neoplasm of mesenchymal origin - ANSWER sarcoma Presence of microbial toxins in the blood overwhelms the immune system and produces a whole-body inflammatory state. - ANSWER sepsis A host and a microbe exist with no harm to either - ANSWER commensialism What is the end product? pluripotent stem cell myeloid stem cell erythroblast reticulocyte ??? - ANSWER erythrocyte Oblong lens, irregular shape of the lens and/or cornea - ANSWER astigmatism Characterized by the sudden onset of petechiae and purpura in young children - ANSWER idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Where does erythropoiesis occur after age 20? - ANSWER ribs, sternum, and pelvis Presence of M cells in serum without findings of multiple myeloma - ANSWER monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance Based on anaplasia and uses Roman numerals I-IV - ANSWER grading Autosomal deficiency or defect in vWf - ANSWER Von Willebrand disease A factor IX deficiency is involved in this - ANSWER hemophilia B Purple areas of bruising - ANSWER purpura A decrease in the absolute number of cells - ANSWER hypoplasia (but can be generalized as atrophy) Cellular engulfment, killing and degradation of microorganisms and particulate matter - ANSWER phagocytosis These are not leukocytes - ANSWER reticulocytes Exudate that contains pus and mucus - ANSWER mucopurulent An abnormal passageway between two endothelium-lined organs or between two blood vessels that don't normally connect - ANSWER fistula What is the end product? pluripotent stem cell myeloid stem cell granulocyte ??? - ANSWER eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil Elements: painless lymphadenopathy night sweats Reed Sternburg cells - ANSWER Hodgkin's lymphoma Low frequency hearing loss originated from the middle or external ear - ANSWER conductive hearing loss Involves debris collecting between the retina and the choroid - ANSWER dry macular degeneration Microvascular disease characterized by - widespread platelet thrombi - thrombocytopenia - fragmentation of erythrocytes causing hemolytic anemia and jaundice - ANSWER thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Established by the American Joint Committee on Cancer, this is based on size and spread, involvement of lymph nodes, and the extent of metastasis - ANSWER staging and TNM system Labile cells exist here - ANSWER GI tract and blood Monocytes in connective tissue - ANSWER histiocytes This disorder can manifest as a primary condition with signs of hypercoagulability or as a secondary contion associated with systemic lupus erythematosus - ANSWER antiphospholipid syndrome Presenting symptoms of bone pain, weight loss and weakness - ANSWER multiple myeloma An X-linked recessive disorder that affects the factor VIII gene - ANSWER hemophilia A Splenomegaly during the accelerated phase causes abdominal fullness and discomfort - ANSWER chronic myelogenous leukemia An autoimmune disorder that results in platelet antibody formation and excess platelet destruction - ANSWER idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Activation of disseminated intravascular coagulation disorder may be initiated the following ways through the extrinsic pathway - ANSWER obstetric complications, bacterial sepsis, and trauma Next step? pluripotent stem cell lymphoid stem cell ??? - ANSWER T cell progenitor and B cell progenitor Activation of disseminated intravascular coagulation disorder through the intrinsic pathway can occur these ways - ANSWER temperature extremes, burns, and endothelia damage by viruses and bacteria Ciliary muscle relaxes. Tension on the suspensory ligaments increases, tightening the lens and making it more concave. This is a sympathetic reaction - ANSWER far vision accommodation Abnormal growth of tissue from a mucous membrane - ANSWER polyp A type of septicemia that leads to widespread abscesses of a metastatic nature - ANSWER pyemia Evolution to acute leukemia from the accelerated phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia - ANSWER terminal blast crisis