PN1 Final Exam (GRADED A+) Questions and Answer solutions
PN1 Final Exam (GRADED A+) Questions and Answer
Page 1
, PN1 Final Exam (GRADED A+) Questions and Answer solutions
1. Which dietary adjustments does the nurse recommend to an older adult client
asking what changes she should institute to prevent or manage constipation?
A. Increase your calcium intake
B. Limit your fluid intake
C. Include plenty of fiber
D. Take a laxative with every meal
ANS: C.
Rationale: Older adults are prone to constipation. To manage or prevent constipation,
teach the older client to drink eight glasses of water daily and to take in plenty of fiber.
These guidelines are good for other clients as well. The other suggestions will not
prevent or help manage constipation
2. The strategy to avoid medication errors endorsed by the Institute for Safe
Medication Practices (ISMP) to differentiate products with look- alike names is
referred to as
A. computer order
B. Tallman Lettering
C. Bar coding
D. Automatic alerts
ANS: B.
Rationale: Tallman lettering is a term coined by ISMP to describe the practice of using
unique letter characteristics of similar drug names known to have been confused with
one another. Tallman lettering is used to differentiate products with look-alike names
such as BenaDRYL (antihistamine) and BenaZEPRIL (ace inhibitor). The other options
are examples of safety-enhancing technologies strategies designed to minimize drug
errors, but they are not directed at look-alike medications. Automatic alerts are
computer-generated alarms that can be programmed to occur with such things as
allergies and incompatible medications. Bar coding is used with medication
administration systems that can be programmed to match patient identification bracelets
with documentation. Computer order entry systems are designed to include components
of a standard medication order.
Page 2
, PN1 Final Exam (GRADED A+) Questions and Answer solutions
3. A home care nurse receives a physician order for a medication that the patient
does not want to take because the patient has a history of side effects from this
medication. The nurse carefully listens to the patient, considers it in light of the
patient's condition, questions its appropriateness, and examines alternative
treatments. This nurse would most likely
Call the physician, explain the rationale, and suggest a different medication.
Rationale: Determining how best to proceed on behalf of a patient's best health care
outcomes may require clinical judgment. At the committed level of critical thinking, the
nurse chooses an action after all possibilities have been examined. A home care nurse
who is using good clinical judgment techniques should have confidence in their decision
and may not have another nurse available as this is an autonomous setting. Holding the
drug might jeopardize the patient's health, so this is not the best solution. The nurse
working at this level of critical thinking makes choices based on careful examination of
situations and alternatives; whether or not the physician is open to nursing input is not
relevant.
4. A nurse is caring for a client with stress incontinence. The nurse knows that
which effect could have led to such a condition?
A. Loss of muscle tone
B. Reduce bladder capacity
C. Decreased urine formation
D. Reduction renal blood flow
ANS: A.
Rationale: The nurse should know that the loss of muscle tone leads to stress
incontinence in the elderly. The bladder muscles become weak, which also leads to
urinary retention and dribbling as stress incontinence. Reduced bladder capacity,
decreased urine formation, and reduced renal blood flow are common problems
associated with the urinary system as a result of advanced age, but they do not
specifically lead to stress incontinence.
Page 3
, PN1 Final Exam (GRADED A+) Questions and Answer solutions
5. A client will be undergoing palliative surgery. The client’s daughter asks what
this means. What is the nurse’s best response?
The surgery will relieve the symptoms but will not cure your father.
Rationale: The purpose of palliative surgery is to improve the client’s quality of life by
reducing or eliminating distressing symptoms. It does not cure a health problem and
often does not prolong life.
6. The nursery nurse identifies a newborn at significant risk for hypothermic
alteration in thermoregulation because the patient is;
A. large for gestational age.
B. low birth weight.
C. born at term.
D. well nourished.
ANS: B.
Rationale: Low birth weight and poorly nourished infants (particularly premature infants)
and children are at greatest risk for hypothermia. A large gestational age infant would
not be malnourished. An infant born at term is not considered at significant risk. A
well-nourished infant is not at significant risk.
7. The priority nursing intervention for a patient suspected to be hypothermic would be
to:
A. Remove wet clothes
B. assess vital signs.
C. hydrate with intravenous (IV) fluids.
D. provide a warm blanket.
ANS: A.
Rationale: The first thing to do with a patient suspected to be hypothermic is to remove
wet clothes, because heat loss is five times greater when clothing is wet. Assessing vital
signs is important, but the wet clothes should be removed first. Hydration is very
important with hyperthermia and the associated danger of dehydration, but there is not
a similar risk with hypothermia. A warm blanket over wet clothes would not be an
effective warming strategy.
Page 4
PN1 Final Exam (GRADED A+) Questions and Answer
Page 1
, PN1 Final Exam (GRADED A+) Questions and Answer solutions
1. Which dietary adjustments does the nurse recommend to an older adult client
asking what changes she should institute to prevent or manage constipation?
A. Increase your calcium intake
B. Limit your fluid intake
C. Include plenty of fiber
D. Take a laxative with every meal
ANS: C.
Rationale: Older adults are prone to constipation. To manage or prevent constipation,
teach the older client to drink eight glasses of water daily and to take in plenty of fiber.
These guidelines are good for other clients as well. The other suggestions will not
prevent or help manage constipation
2. The strategy to avoid medication errors endorsed by the Institute for Safe
Medication Practices (ISMP) to differentiate products with look- alike names is
referred to as
A. computer order
B. Tallman Lettering
C. Bar coding
D. Automatic alerts
ANS: B.
Rationale: Tallman lettering is a term coined by ISMP to describe the practice of using
unique letter characteristics of similar drug names known to have been confused with
one another. Tallman lettering is used to differentiate products with look-alike names
such as BenaDRYL (antihistamine) and BenaZEPRIL (ace inhibitor). The other options
are examples of safety-enhancing technologies strategies designed to minimize drug
errors, but they are not directed at look-alike medications. Automatic alerts are
computer-generated alarms that can be programmed to occur with such things as
allergies and incompatible medications. Bar coding is used with medication
administration systems that can be programmed to match patient identification bracelets
with documentation. Computer order entry systems are designed to include components
of a standard medication order.
Page 2
, PN1 Final Exam (GRADED A+) Questions and Answer solutions
3. A home care nurse receives a physician order for a medication that the patient
does not want to take because the patient has a history of side effects from this
medication. The nurse carefully listens to the patient, considers it in light of the
patient's condition, questions its appropriateness, and examines alternative
treatments. This nurse would most likely
Call the physician, explain the rationale, and suggest a different medication.
Rationale: Determining how best to proceed on behalf of a patient's best health care
outcomes may require clinical judgment. At the committed level of critical thinking, the
nurse chooses an action after all possibilities have been examined. A home care nurse
who is using good clinical judgment techniques should have confidence in their decision
and may not have another nurse available as this is an autonomous setting. Holding the
drug might jeopardize the patient's health, so this is not the best solution. The nurse
working at this level of critical thinking makes choices based on careful examination of
situations and alternatives; whether or not the physician is open to nursing input is not
relevant.
4. A nurse is caring for a client with stress incontinence. The nurse knows that
which effect could have led to such a condition?
A. Loss of muscle tone
B. Reduce bladder capacity
C. Decreased urine formation
D. Reduction renal blood flow
ANS: A.
Rationale: The nurse should know that the loss of muscle tone leads to stress
incontinence in the elderly. The bladder muscles become weak, which also leads to
urinary retention and dribbling as stress incontinence. Reduced bladder capacity,
decreased urine formation, and reduced renal blood flow are common problems
associated with the urinary system as a result of advanced age, but they do not
specifically lead to stress incontinence.
Page 3
, PN1 Final Exam (GRADED A+) Questions and Answer solutions
5. A client will be undergoing palliative surgery. The client’s daughter asks what
this means. What is the nurse’s best response?
The surgery will relieve the symptoms but will not cure your father.
Rationale: The purpose of palliative surgery is to improve the client’s quality of life by
reducing or eliminating distressing symptoms. It does not cure a health problem and
often does not prolong life.
6. The nursery nurse identifies a newborn at significant risk for hypothermic
alteration in thermoregulation because the patient is;
A. large for gestational age.
B. low birth weight.
C. born at term.
D. well nourished.
ANS: B.
Rationale: Low birth weight and poorly nourished infants (particularly premature infants)
and children are at greatest risk for hypothermia. A large gestational age infant would
not be malnourished. An infant born at term is not considered at significant risk. A
well-nourished infant is not at significant risk.
7. The priority nursing intervention for a patient suspected to be hypothermic would be
to:
A. Remove wet clothes
B. assess vital signs.
C. hydrate with intravenous (IV) fluids.
D. provide a warm blanket.
ANS: A.
Rationale: The first thing to do with a patient suspected to be hypothermic is to remove
wet clothes, because heat loss is five times greater when clothing is wet. Assessing vital
signs is important, but the wet clothes should be removed first. Hydration is very
important with hyperthermia and the associated danger of dehydration, but there is not
a similar risk with hypothermia. A warm blanket over wet clothes would not be an
effective warming strategy.
Page 4
